Shloka 1
चतुर्युगाख्यान (Caturyuga-Ākhyāna) — Yuga-wise Origins and Measurements of Beings
Devanagari script
इति श्रीब्रह्माण्डे महापुराणे वायुप्रोक्ते पूर्वभागे द्वितीये ऽनुषङ्गपादे चतुर्युगाख्यानं नामैकत्रिंशत्तमो ऽध्यायः सूत उवाच युगेषु यास्तु जायन्ते प्रजास्ता मे निबोधत / आसुरी सर्पगान्धर्वा पैशाची यक्षराक्षसी
Transliteration
iti śrībrahmāṇḍe mahāpurāṇe vāyuprokte pūrvabhāge dvitīye 'nuṣaṅgapāde caturyugākhyānaṃ nāmaikatriṃśattamo 'dhyāyaḥ sūta uvāca yugeṣu yāstu jāyante prajāstā me nibodhata / āsurī sarpagāndharvā paiśācī yakṣarākṣasī
Translation
Thus, in the Śrī Brahmāṇḍa Mahāpurāṇa, spoken by Vāyu, in the former section, the second anuṣaṅga-pāda, is the thirty-first chapter called “The Account of the Four Yugas.” Sūta said: “Hear from me the beings born in the yugas—asuric, serpentine (nāga), gandharva, piśācī, and yakṣa-rākṣasī.”
Word by Word
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)
śrī-brahmāṇḍein the revered Brahmāṇḍa (Purāṇa)
śrī-brahmāṇḍe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī-brahmāṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); karmadhāraya: śrī + brahmāṇḍa
mahā-purāṇein the great Purāṇa
mahā-purāṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā-purāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th), Singular; karmadhāraya: mahā + purāṇa
vāyu-proktespoken by Vāyu
vāyu-prokte:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvāyu-prokta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th), Singular; tatpuruṣa: vāyu + prokta (spoken by Vāyu)
pūrva-bhāgein the former section
pūrva-bhāge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva-bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th), Singular; tatpuruṣa: pūrva + bhāga
dvitīyein the second
dvitīye:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th), Singular; ordinal adjective qualifying bhāga/pāda contextually
anuṣaṅga-pādein the Anuṣaṅga-pāda
anuṣaṅga-pāde:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootanuṣaṅga-pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th), Singular; tatpuruṣa: anuṣaṅga + pāda
catur-yuga-ākhyānamthe account of the four yugas
catur-yuga-ākhyānam:
Karta (कर्ता/heading)
TypeNoun
Rootcatur-yuga-ākhyāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; tatpuruṣa: catur + yuga + ākhyāna
nāmanamed
nāma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/title marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya; naming particle (नाम) used to denote title
eka-triṃśattamaḥthirty-first
eka-triṃśattamaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka-triṃśat-tama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ordinal formed with -tama; tatpuruṣa with numeral base (31st)
adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/heading)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular
sūtaḥSūta
sūtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada
yugeṣuin the yugas
yugeṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th), Plural (बहुवचन)
yāḥwhich (f.)
yāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Plural; relative pronoun
tuindeed/and
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle (emphasis/contrast)
jāyanteare born/arise
jāyante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootjan (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person, Plural; ātmanepada
prajāḥcreatures/offspring
prajāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Plural
tāḥthose
tāḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural; demonstrative pronoun
meof me/my
me:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormGenitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; enclitic
nibodhataunderstand/learn
nibodhata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbudh (धातु)
FormImperative (लोट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Plural; parasmaipada; with prefix नि-
āsurīāsurī (demonic type)
āsurī:
Karta (कर्ता/elliptic: prajā)
TypeAdjective
Rootāsurī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; used as class-name adjective
sarpa-gāndharvāserpentine and gandharva-type
sarpa-gāndharvā:
Karta (कर्ता/elliptic: prajā)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarpa-gāndharvā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; dvandva of sarpā + gāndharvā (types)
paiśācīpiśāca-type
paiśācī:
Karta (कर्ता/elliptic: prajā)
TypeAdjective
Rootpaiśācī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Singular
yakṣa-rākṣasīyakṣa- and rākṣasa-type
yakṣa-rākṣasī:
Karta (कर्ता/elliptic: prajā)
TypeAdjective
Rootyakṣa-rākṣasī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; dvandva: yakṣī + rākṣasī (types)