Shloka 4
Saṃkhyāvarta (संख्यावर्त्त): Commencement of Yajña at the Dawn of Tretāyuga
Devanagari script
वर्णाश्रमव्यवस्थानं कृतवन्तश्च संख्यया / संभारांस्तांस्तु मंभृत्य कथं यज्ञः प्रवर्त्तितः
Transliteration
varṇāśramavyavasthānaṃ kṛtavantaśca saṃkhyayā / saṃbhārāṃstāṃstu maṃbhṛtya kathaṃ yajñaḥ pravarttitaḥ
Translation
They established, in due order, the arrangement of varṇa and āśrama; then, having gathered those various requisites, how was the yajña set in motion?
Word by Word
varṇa-āśrama-vyavasthānamthe organization of social classes and life-stages
varṇa-āśrama-vyavasthānam:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṇa + āśrama + vyavasthāna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; object ‘arrangement of varṇas and āśramas’
kṛtavantaḥ(they) did / having made
kṛtavantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/agent)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛtavant (कृदन्त; √kṛ (धातु) + kṛtavat)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कर्तरि-भूतकृदन्त (perfect participle) used predicatively ‘having done’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
saṃkhyayāby enumeration / in due number
saṃkhyayā:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃkhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; instrumental ‘by number/according to enumeration’
saṃbhārānmaterials, requisites
saṃbhārān:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃbhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; accusative
tānthose
tān:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; demonstrative pronoun
tubut / indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विरोध/विशेषण (adversative/emphatic particle)
sam-bhṛtyahaving gathered
sam-bhṛtya:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/gerundial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsam + √bhṛ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) ‘सम्भृत्य’ = having collected; अव्ययभाव
kathamhow
katham:
Prashna (प्रश्न/manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रश्नार्थक (interrogative adverb)
yajñaḥthe sacrifice
yajñaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyajña (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
pravarttitaḥwas initiated
pravarttitaḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया/predication)
TypeVerb
Rootpravarttita (कृदन्त; √vṛt (धातु) + pra + ṇic + ktá)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मणि-भूतकृदन्त (PPP) ‘was set in motion/was initiated’