Shloka 50
अधोलोकवर्णनम् (Adholoka-varṇana) — Description of the Lower Worlds and Cosmographic Measures
Devanagari script
यत्रोद्यन्दृश्यते सूर्यस्तेषां स उदयः समृतः / प्रणाशं गच्छते यत्र तेषामस्तः स उच्यते
Transliteration
yatrodyandṛśyate sūryasteṣāṃ sa udayaḥ samṛtaḥ / praṇāśaṃ gacchate yatra teṣāmastaḥ sa ucyate
Translation
Where the rising Sun is seen, that is deemed their sunrise; and where it passes into disappearance, that is called their sunset.
Word by Word
yatrawhere
yatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyatra (अव्यय)
FormRelative adverb (सम्बन्धबोधक-अव्यय), ‘where’
udyatrising
udyat:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootud + i (इ धातु) → udyat (कृदन्त)
FormPresent active participle (वर्तमानकृदन्त/शतृ), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; qualifying ‘sūryaḥ’
dṛśyateis seen
dṛśyate:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (दृश् धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
sūryaḥthe sun
sūryaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūrya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
teṣāmof them
teṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)
saḥthat
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular
udayaḥrising, sunrise
udayaḥ:
Pradhāna-nāma (प्रधान/विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootudaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular
samṛtaḥis regarded (as)
samṛtaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa/Predicate (विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootsam + √mṛ (मृ धातु) → samṛta (कृदन्त)
FormPast passive participle (भूतकृदन्त/क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; used predicatively ‘is considered/called’
praṇāśamdestruction, disappearance
praṇāśam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpraṇāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular
gacchategoes, reaches
gacchate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (गम् धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
yatrawhere
yatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyatra (अव्यय)
FormRelative adverb (सम्बन्धबोधक-अव्यय), ‘where’
teṣāmof them
teṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural
astaḥsetting, sunset
astaḥ:
Pradhāna-nāma (प्रधान/विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootasta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular
saḥthat
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
ucyateis called
ucyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि), 3rd person, Singular