Shloka 153
अधोलोकवर्णनम् (Adholoka-varṇana) — Description of the Lower Worlds and Cosmographic Measures
Devanagari script
तस्माच्च ऋतवो ज्ञेया ऋतुभ्यो ह्यार्त्तवाः स्मृताः / तस्मादृतुमुखी ज्ञेया अमावास्यास्य पर्वणः
Transliteration
tasmācca ṛtavo jñeyā ṛtubhyo hyārttavāḥ smṛtāḥ / tasmādṛtumukhī jñeyā amāvāsyāsya parvaṇaḥ
Translation
Therefore the seasons (ṛtu) are to be known, and from the seasons the Ārtavas are remembered. Hence, in the observance (parva) of Amāvāsyā, that called Ṛtumukhī is to be understood.
Word by Word
tasmātfrom that/therefore
tasmāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Roottasmāt (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक tad)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; pronominal form
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
ṛtavaḥseasons
ṛtavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
jñeyāḥare to be known
jñeyāḥ:
Vidhi (विधि)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
FormGerundive/कृत्य (यत्), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
ṛtubhyaḥfrom the seasons
ṛtubhyaḥ:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Plural
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात; हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ)
ārttavāḥārtavas (seasonal periods/years)
ārttavāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootārtava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
smṛtāḥare called/are said
smṛtāḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsmṛ (धातु)
FormPast passive participle/क्त (PPP), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; passive sense ‘are called/remembered’
tasmāttherefore/from that
tasmāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Roottasmāt (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक tad)
FormAblative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular
ṛtu-mukhīṚtumukhī (name of a parvan)
ṛtu-mukhī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक) + mukhī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुष-समास (‘having the face/beginning of a season’)
jñeyāshould be known
jñeyā:
Vidhi (विधि)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
FormGerundive/कृत्य (यत्), Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
amāvāsyāyāḥof the new-moon day
amāvāsyāyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootamāvāsyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
parvaṇaḥof the festival/junction (parvan)
parvaṇaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootparvan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठī), Singular