Shloka 4
Vasiṣṭha-gamana
Vasiṣṭha’s Departure / The Episode of Sagara
Devanagari script
श्रुत्वा राजा स्वराज्यं निजगुरुमवजित्यारिभिः संगृहीतं मात्रा सार्द्धं प्रयान्तं वनमतिगहनंस्वर्गतं तं च तस्मिन् / शोकाविष्टः सरोषं सकलरिपुकुलोच्छित्तये सत्प्रतिज्ञश्चके सद्यः प्रतिज्ञां परिभवमनलं सोढुमिक्ष्वाकुवंश्यः
Transliteration
śrutvā rājā svarājyaṃ nijagurumavajityāribhiḥ saṃgṛhītaṃ mātrā sārddhaṃ prayāntaṃ vanamatigahanaṃsvargataṃ taṃ ca tasmin / śokāviṣṭaḥ saroṣaṃ sakalaripukulocchittaye satpratijñaścake sadyaḥ pratijñāṃ paribhavamanalaṃ soḍhumikṣvākuvaṃśyaḥ
Translation
The king heard that his own preceptor had been dishonoured and his kingdom seized by enemies; with his mother he had gone to a most dense forest, and there attained heaven. Overwhelmed with grief and blazing with wrath, the Ikṣvāku scion could not endure the fire of humiliation, and at once made a firm vow to destroy the entire host of foes.
Word by Word
śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootśru (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund); पूर्वकालिक क्रिया
rājāthe king
rājā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
sva-rājyamhis own kingdom
sva-rājyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsva-rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म (object of śrutvā: heard about his kingdom)
nija-gurumhis own teacher
nija-gurum:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnija-guru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म (object of avajitya)
avajityahaving defeated/overpowered
avajitya:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootava-ji (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund); पूर्वक्रिया
aribhiḥby enemies
aribhiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootari (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; करण (agent/instrument in passive sense)
saṃgṛhītamcaptured
saṃgṛhītam:
Karma (कर्म/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃ-grah (धातु)
Formक्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘seized/captured’; विशेषणम् (of nija-gurum / or of implied object)
mātrāwith (his) mother
mātrā:
Saha (सह)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; सहकारक (with)
sārddhamtogether with
sārddham:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/सह)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsārddham (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सहार्थक (with)
prayāntamdeparting
prayāntam:
Karma (कर्म/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra-yā (धातु)
Formशतृ/शानच्-सम्भव (present participle) रूप; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘departing’; captured one departing
vanamto the forest
vanam:
Karma (कर्म/गति)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; गत्यर्थे कर्म (destination)
ati-gahanamvery dense
ati-gahanam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootati-gahana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of vanam)
svargatamgone to heaven
svargatam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvarga-ta (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-आधारित)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त (PPP) ‘गत’ = gone; विशेषणम् (of the person: gone to heaven)
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म (refers to guru)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
tasminthen/in that (case)
tasmin:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अधिकरणे (in that situation)
śoka-āviṣṭaḥovercome by grief
śoka-āviṣṭaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśoka-āviṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-आधारित)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त (PPP) ‘आविष्ट’ = possessed; विशेषणम् (of rājā)
sa-roṣamwith anger
sa-roṣam:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa-roṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (with anger)
sakala-ripu-kula-ucchittayefor the extermination of all enemy clans
sakala-ripu-kula-ucchittaye:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootsakala-ripu-kula-ucchitti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; सम्प्रदान (purpose: for destruction)
sat-pratijñaḥof noble vow
sat-pratijñaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsat-pratijña (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of rājā)
cakremade/undertook
cakre:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्
sadyaḥimmediately
sadyaḥ:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsadyaḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक (immediately)
pratijñāma vow
pratijñām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpratijñā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म
paribhavaminsult
paribhavam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootparibhava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म (object of soḍhum)
analamunbearable (like fire)
analam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootanala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of paribhavam)
soḍhumto endure
soḍhum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य)
TypeVerb
Rootsah (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive); ‘to endure’
ikṣvāku-vaṃśyaḥa descendant of the Ikṣvāku lineage
ikṣvāku-vaṃśyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/अप्पोजिशन)
TypeNoun
Rootikṣvāku-vaṃśya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; जातिवाचक/वंशवाचक; कर्ता (apposition to rājā)