Shloka 2

Brahmaṇa-parīkṣā

Examination/Doctrine of the Pitṛs in Śrāddha Context

Devanagari script

प्रजापतिसुता ह्येते सर्वेषां तु महात्मनाम् / आद्यो गणस्तु योगानामनुयोगविवर्द्धनः

Transliteration

prajāpatisutā hyete sarveṣāṃ tu mahātmanām / ādyo gaṇastu yogānāmanuyogavivarddhanaḥ

Translation

These indeed are the sons of Prajāpati, pertaining to all the great-souled ones; among the hosts of yoga this is the first company, which increases anuyoga—the onward continuity of sacred practice.

Word by Word

• prajāpati-sutāḥ: sons of Prajāpati
• prajāpati-sutāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prajāpati-suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; compound: prajāpati + suta

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle (emphasis/for)

• ete: these
• ete: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; pronoun

• sarveṣām: of all
• sarveṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Plural; agrees with mahātmanām

• tu: but/and
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adversative/contrast particle

• mahātmanām: of the great-souled ones
• mahātmanām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Plural; bahuvrīhi used substantively: mahā + ātman = ‘great-souled’

• ādyaḥ: the first
• ādyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ādya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; agrees with gaṇaḥ

• gaṇaḥ: group/class
• gaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• tu: indeed/and
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle

• yogānām: of yogas/unions
• yogānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Plural

• anu-yoga-vivarddhanaḥ: one who increases subsequent applications/connected yogas
• anu-yoga-vivarddhanaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anu-yoga-vivarddhana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; compound: anu-yoga + vivarddhana (from √vṛdh, causative/agentive sense ‘increasing’); agrees with gaṇaḥ