Brahma Purana — Vasiṣṭha on Sāṃkhya: Vidyā–Avidyā, the Twenty-Fifth Principle, and the Akṣara–Kṣara Distinction, Shloka 11
Devanagari script
उभाव् एतौ क्षराव् उक्तौ उभाव् एताव् अनक्षरौ कारणं तु प्रवक्ष्यामि यथाज्ञानं तु ज्ञानतः //
Translation
Verse 11 of chapter 244 continues the ancient puranic instruction; it should be read with reverence and close attention to its meaning.
Word by Word
ubhāuboth
ubhāu:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootubhā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative, 1st), द्विवचन (Dual)
etauthese two
etau:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative, 1st), द्विवचन (Dual) — demonstrative
kṣarauperishable
kṣarau:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative, 1st), द्विवचन (Dual)
uktauare said/called
uktau:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) + kta (कृत्) → ukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formकृदन्त (Past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), द्विवचन (Dual) — predicate adjective ‘called’
ubhāuboth
ubhāu:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootubhā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन
etauthese two
etau:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन
anakṣarauimperishable
anakṣarau:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootan-akṣara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन — नञ्-समासवत् (negated adjective)
kāraṇamthe cause/reason
kāraṇam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootkāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निपात
pravakṣyāmiI shall explain
pravakṣyāmi:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√vac (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद
yathāas; according to
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अव्यय-उपमा/प्रकार (adverb of manner)
ajñānamignorance
ajñānam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Standard)
TypeNoun
Roota-jñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — ‘ignorance’ (as a standard/measure)
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निपात
jñānataḥfrom knowledge; by knowledge
jñānataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootjñāna (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तसिल्)
Formअव्यय (Adverb), तसिल्-प्रत्यय — ‘from/according to knowledge’
Speaker
Unspecified teacher/narrator explaining tattva-doctrine to an implied listener (not named in the provided excerpt).