Brahma Purana — Shiva on Dharma: Nonviolence, Truthful Speech, Mental Discipline, and the Karmic Causes of Heaven and Longevity, Shloka 18
Devanagari script
शिव उवाच आत्महेतोः परार्थे वा अधर्माश्रितम् एव च ये मृषा न वदन्तीह ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः //
Translation
This verse, numbered “18,” continues the sacred Purāṇic numbering in traditional sequence.
Word by Word
śivaḥŚiva
śivaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśiva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
ātma-hetoḥfor one’s own sake
ātma-hetoḥ:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक) + hetu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative) एकवचन; हेतौ पञ्चमी (‘for one’s own sake’)
para-arthefor another’s benefit
para-arthe:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
TypeNoun
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative) एकवचन; अर्थे सप्तमी (‘for another’s purpose’)
vāor
vā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्प-अव्यय (or)
adharma-āśritam(that which is) based on unrighteousness
adharma-āśritam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootadharma (प्रातिपदिक) + āśrita (श्रि धातु, क्त/कृदन्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (‘resorting to adharma’)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय
yethose who
ye:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; यत्-शब्द (relative pronoun)
mṛṣāfalsely
mṛṣā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootmṛṣā (अव्यय)
Formरीति-अव्यय (adverb: falsely)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय
vadantispeak/say
vadanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvad (वद् धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
ihahere
iha:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
Formदेश-अव्यय (here/in this world)
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
narāḥmen
narāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
svarga-gāminaḥheaven-going
svarga-gāminaḥ:
Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (विधेय-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvarga (प्रातिपदिक) + gāmin (गम् धातु, णिनि/प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (‘going to heaven’)
Speaker
Śiva instructs (contextually to Umā/Devī)