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Shloka 12

Kāla-cakra and the Motions of the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Grahas

Bhāgavata Jyotiṣa Framework

तत उपरिष्टादुशना द्विलक्षयोजनत उपलभ्यते पुरत: पश्चात्सहैव वार्कस्य शैघ्र्यमान्द्यसाम्याभिर्गतिभिरर्कवच्चरति लोकानां नित्यदानुकूल एव प्रायेण वर्षयंश्चारेणानुमीयते स वृष्टिविष्टम्भग्रहोपशमन: ॥ १२ ॥

tata upariṣṭād uśanā dvi-lakṣa-yojanata upalabhyate purataḥ paścāt sahaiva vārkasya śaighrya-māndya-sāmyābhir gatibhir arkavac carati lokānāṁ nityadānukūla eva prāyeṇa varṣayaṁś cāreṇānumīyate sa vṛṣṭi-viṣṭambha-grahopaśamanaḥ.

About two hundred thousand yojanas above that constellation group is Venus (Uśanā). It moves almost in step with the sun—sometimes behind it, sometimes before it, and sometimes alongside it—showing swift, slow, and moderate motions. Venus pacifies the influence of planets that obstruct rainfall; thus its favorable course generally brings rain and is accepted by the learned as highly auspicious for all beings.

ततःthereafter/from there
ततः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/discourse)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (ablatival adverb)
उपरिष्टात्above
उपरिष्टात्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउपरिष्टात् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
उशनाUśanā (Venus)
उशना:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootउशनस्/उशना (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; शुक्राचार्य/शुक्रग्रहः (Venus)
द्विलक्षयोजनतःat a distance of two lakh yojanas
द्विलक्षयोजनतः:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/measure-location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्वि-लक्ष-योजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्विगु-समास; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (measure adverb)
उपलभ्यतेis perceived/seen
उपलभ्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootउप-लभ् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)
पुरतःin front
पुरतः:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: “in front”)
पश्चात्behind/after
पश्चात्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: “behind/after”)
सहtogether with
सह:
Sahartha (सहार्थ/association)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (association marker)
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (emphasis)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/option)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (disjunctive particle: “or/alternatively”)
अर्कस्यof the Sun
अर्कस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्क (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
शैघ्र्यमान्द्यसाम्याभिःwith (states of) speed, slowness, and sameness
शैघ्र्यमान्द्यसाम्याभिः:
Karana (करण/instrument qualifier)
TypeNoun
Rootशैघ्र्य-मन्द्य-साम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: द्वन्द्व (शैघ्र्यम्+मान्द्यम्+साम्यम्); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; गतिभिः विशेषणम्
गतिभिःby motions
गतिभिः:
Karana (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootगति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
अर्कवत्like the Sun
अर्कवत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/comparison)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअर्कवत् (अव्यय/तद्धितान्त)
Formअव्यय (upamāna-adverb: “like the Sun”)
चरतिmoves
चरति:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
लोकानाम्of the worlds/people
लोकानाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
नित्यदाalways
नित्यदा:
Kala (काल/time adverb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्यदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: “always”)
अनुकूलःfavorable
अनुकूलः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुकूल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उशना/शुक्रस्य विशेषणम्
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (emphasis)
प्रायेणgenerally
प्रायेण:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्राय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययवत् प्रयोग (instrumental used adverbially), तृतीया एकवचन अर्थे: “generally/for the most part”
वर्षयन्causing rain
वर्षयन्:
Karta (कर्ता/subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्षय् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उशनाः विशेषणम्
चारेणby (its) course/movement
चारेण:
Karana (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootचार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
अनुमीयतेis inferred
अनुमीयते:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-मा (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive: “is inferred”)
सःhe/that (Venus)
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
वृष्टिविष्टम्भग्रहोपशमनःthe pacifier of rain-obstruction and planetary affliction
वृष्टिविष्टम्भग्रहोपशमनः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject complement)
TypeNoun
Rootवृष्टि-विष्टम्भ-ग्रह-उपशमन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: तत्पुरुष (वृष्टेः विष्टम्भस्य ग्रहस्य उपशमनः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उशनाः विशेषण/उपाधि
U
Uśanā (Śukra/Venus)
A
Arka (Sūrya/the Sun)

FAQs

In Canto 5, Chapter 22, the Bhāgavatam describes Uśanā (Venus) as moving sometimes ahead of and sometimes behind the Sun, with varying speeds, and as generally favorable—especially connected with bringing rain and easing obstructions to rainfall.

Śukadeva Gosvāmī speaks this verse to Mahārāja Parīkṣit while explaining the cosmic structure and the courses of the grahas (planets) in the Fifth Canto.

The verse highlights that nature’s rhythms are purposeful and beneficial; cultivating reverence for divine order can inspire gratitude, ecological responsibility, and steadiness when conditions (like “swift” or “slow” phases) change.