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Shloka 18

Devotion in Kimpuruṣa-varṣa and the Glory of Bhārata-varṣa

Rāmacandra & Nara-Nārāyaṇa; Rivers, Varṇāśrama, and Liberation

एतासामपो भारत्य: प्रजा नामभिरेव पुनन्तीनामात्मना चोपस्पृशन्ति ॥ १७ ॥ चन्द्रवसा ताम्रपर्णी अवटोदा कृतमाला वैहायसी कावेरी वेणी पयस्विनी शर्करावर्ता तुङ्गभद्रा कृष्णा वेण्या भीमरथी गोदावरी निर्विन्ध्या पयोष्णी तापी रेवा सुरसा नर्मदा चर्मण्वती सिन्धुरन्ध: शोणश्च नदौ महानदी वेदस्मृतिऋर्षिकुल्या त्रिसामा कौशिकी मन्दाकिनी यमुना सरस्वती द‍ृषद्वती गोमती सरयू रोधस्वती सप्तवती सुषोमा शतद्रूश्चन्द्रभागा मरुद्‍वृधा वितस्ता असिक्नी विश्‍वेति महानद्य: ॥ १८ ॥

etāsām apo bhāratyaḥ prajā nāmabhir eva punantīnām ātmanā copaspṛśanti; candravasā tāmraparṇī avaṭodā kṛtamālā vaihāyasī kāverī veṇī payasvinī śarkarāvartā tuṅgabhadrā kṛṣṇāveṇyā bhīmarathī godāvarī nirvindhyā payoṣṇī tāpī revā surasā narmadā carmaṇvatī sindhur andhaḥ śoṇaś ca nadau mahānadī vedasmṛtir ṛṣikulyā trisāmā kauśikī mandākinī yamunā sarasvatī dṛṣadvatī gomatī sarayū rodhasvatī saptavatī suṣomā śatadrūś candrabhāgā marudvṛdhā vitastā asiknī viśveti mahā-nadyaḥ.

Two of the rivers — the Brahmaputra and the Śoṇa — are called nadas, or main rivers. These are other great rivers that are very prominent: Candravasā, Tāmraparṇī, Avaṭodā, Kṛtamālā, Vaihāyasī, Kāverī, Veṇī, Payasvinī, Śarkarāvartā, Tuṅgabhadrā, Kṛṣṇāveṇyā, Bhīmarathī, Godāvarī, Nirvindhyā, Payoṣṇī, Tāpī, Revā, Surasā, Narmadā, Carmaṇvatī, Mahānadī, Vedasmṛti, Ṛṣikulyā, Trisāmā, Kauśikī, Mandākinī, Yamunā, Sarasvatī, Dṛṣadvatī, Gomatī, Sarayū, Rodhasvatī, Saptavatī, Suṣomā, Śatadrū, Candrabhāgā, Marudvṛdhā, Vitastā, Asiknī and Viśvā. The inhabitants of Bhārata-varṣa are purified because they always remember these rivers. Sometimes they chant the names of these rivers as mantras, and sometimes they go directly to the rivers to touch them and bathe in them. Thus the inhabitants of Bhārata-varṣa become purified.

etāsāmof these
etāsām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (एतद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (Gen.6), Bahuvacana
apaḥwaters
apaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootap (अप् प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (plural-only), Prathamā, Bahuvacana
bhāratyaḥof Bhārata
bhāratyaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhāratī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
prajāḥpeople
prajāḥ:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana
nāmabhiḥby names
nāmabhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootnāman (नामन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṁsakalिङ्ग, Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphasis
punantīnāmof the purifying (ones)
punantīnām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive qualifier)
TypeVerb
Rootpū (पू धातु)
FormPresent active participle (vartamāna-kṛdanta) gen.pl. fem.; ‘of (waters) that purify’
ātmanāby oneself
ātmanā:
Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (आत्मन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
upaspṛśantitouch/perform ablution
upaspṛśanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa + spṛś (स्पृश् धातु)
FormLaṭ, Parasmaipada; 3rd pl.
candravasāCandravasā
candravasā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootcandravasā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; river name
tāmraparṇīTāmraparṇī
tāmraparṇī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottāmra + parṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
avaṭodāAvaṭodā
avaṭodā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootavaṭodā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
kṛtamālāKṛtamālā
kṛtamālā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛta + mālā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
vaihāyasīVaihāyasī
vaihāyasī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootvaihāyasī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
kāverīKāverī
kāverī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkāverī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
veṇīVeṇī
veṇī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootveṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
payasvinīPayasvinī
payasvinī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootpayasvinī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
śarkarāvartāŚarkarāvartā
śarkarāvartā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootśarkarā + āvarta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
tuṅgabhadrāTuṅgabhadrā
tuṅgabhadrā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottuṅga + bhadrā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
kṛṣṇā-veṇyāKṛṣṇā(-Veṇyā)
kṛṣṇā-veṇyā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛṣṇā + veṇyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana (as name)
bhīmarathīBhīmarathī
bhīmarathī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootbhīma + rathī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
godāvarīGodāvarī
godāvarī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootgodāvarī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
nirvindhyāNirvindhyā
nirvindhyā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootnirvindhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
payoṣṇīPayoṣṇī
payoṣṇī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootpayoṣṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
tāpīTāpī
tāpī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottāpī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
revāRevā
revā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootrevā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
surasāSurasā
surasā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsurasā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
narmadāNarmadā
narmadā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootnarmadā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
carmaṇvatīCarmaṇvatī
carmaṇvatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootcarmaṇvatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
sindhuḥSindhu
sindhuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsindhu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
andhaḥAndha
andhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootandha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
śoṇaḥŚoṇa
śoṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootśoṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
nadautwo rivers
nadau:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootnadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Dvivacana (dual)
mahānadīMahānadī
mahānadī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā + nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
vedasmṛtiḥVeda-smṛti
vedasmṛtiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootveda + smṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
ṛṣikulyāṚṣikulyā
ṛṣikulyā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi + kulyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
trisāmāTrisāmā
trisāmā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottri + sāmā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
kauśikīKauśikī
kauśikī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkauśikī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
mandākinīMandākinī
mandākinī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmandākinī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
yamunāYamunā
yamunā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootyamunā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
sarasvatīSarasvatī
sarasvatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsarasvatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
dṛṣadvatīDṛṣadvatī
dṛṣadvatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootdṛṣadvatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
gomatīGomatī
gomatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootgomatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
sarayūSarayū
sarayū:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsarayū (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
rodhasvatīRodhasvatī
rodhasvatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootrodhasvatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
saptavatīSaptavatī
saptavatī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsaptavatī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
suṣomāSuṣomā
suṣomā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootsuṣomā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
śatadrūḥŚatadrū
śatadrūḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootśatadrū (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
candrabhāgāCandrabhāgā
candrabhāgā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootcandra + bhāgā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
marudvṛdhāMarudvṛdhā
marudvṛdhā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmarut + vṛdhā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
vitastāVitastā
vitastā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootvitastā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
asiknīAsiknī
asiknī:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootasiknī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
viśvāViśvā
viśvā:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootviśvā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; list-closure
mahā-nadyaḥgreat rivers
mahā-nadyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā + nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

All these rivers are transcendental. Therefore one can be purified by remembering them, touching them or bathing in them. This practice is still going on.

P
Parīkṣit Mahārāja

FAQs

This verse states that the people of Bhārata-varṣa are purified simply by hearing and chanting the names of holy rivers, and also by personally touching their waters.

In Canto 5, Śukadeva is describing the geography and sacred features of Bhārata-varṣa; naming the rivers emphasizes the land’s tirtha culture and the purifying potency connected with devotion and remembrance.

Even without traveling, one can remember and respectfully chant the names of sacred rivers (and the Lord) as a practice of śravaṇa and kīrtana, cultivating purity of mind and devotional orientation.