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Shloka 38

Bhagīratha Brings Gaṅgā; Saudāsa’s Curse; Khaṭvāṅga’s Instant Renunciation

अत ऊर्ध्वं स तत्याज स्त्रीसुखं कर्मणाप्रजा: । वसिष्ठस्तदनुज्ञातो मदयन्त्यां प्रजामधात् ॥ ३८ ॥

ata ūrdhvaṁ sa tatyāja strī-sukhaṁ karmaṇāprajāḥ vasiṣṭhas tad-anujñāto madayantyāṁ prajām adhāt

After being thus instructed, the King gave up the future happiness of sexual intercourse and by destiny remained sonless. Later, with the King’s permission, the great saint Vasiṣṭha begot a child in the womb of Madayantī.

अतःthereafter/therefore
अतः:
सम्बन्ध/हेतु (Discourse connective)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb), ‘therefore/from then’
ऊर्ध्वम्afterwards
ऊर्ध्वम्:
काल/दिशा-अव्ययार्थ (Adverbial: afterwards/upwards)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषणार्थे द्वितीया-एकवचन (accusative used adverbially)
सःhe
सः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तत्याजabandoned/gave up
तत्याज:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
स्त्रीसुखम्sexual pleasure
स्त्रीसुखम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object of ‘tatyāja’)
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्रीसुख (प्रातिपदिक: स्त्री + सुख)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (‘pleasure of women/sexual pleasure’)
कर्मणाby an act/through ritual action
कर्मणा:
करण (Karaṇa/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अप्रजाःwithout offspring
अप्रजाः:
कर्तृविशेषण (Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa)
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रजा (प्रातिपदिक: अ- + प्रजा)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुष; predicate adjective to सः
वसिष्ठःVasiṣṭha
वसिष्ठः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवसिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तत्that (permission/act)
तत्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; object to ‘anujñātaḥ’ in sense ‘having been permitted that’
अनुज्ञातःhaving been authorized
अनुज्ञातः:
कर्तृविशेषण (Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa of वसिष्ठः)
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-ज्ञा (धातु)
Formकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Past Passive Participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘having been permitted/authorized’
मदयन्त्याम्in/with Madayantī
मदयन्त्याम्:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location; in/with Madayantī)
TypeNoun
Rootमदयन्ती (प्रातिपदिक; from मद्/मद् causative ‘to gladden/intoxicate’)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; proper name (queen) in locative
प्रजाम्offspring
प्रजाम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अधात्begot/produced
अधात्:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (धातु)
Formलुङ्-लकार (Aorist), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; ‘placed/produced’
V
Vasiṣṭha
M
Madayantī

FAQs

This verse shows that after a turning point, the king gave up conjugal enjoyment and focused on duty, indicating that personal pleasure is subordinate to dharma and higher responsibility.

Because he was expressly permitted (anujñāta) to do so; the begetting of progeny occurred under rightful authorization, preserving dharma and the continuity of lineage.

Place responsibility, integrity, and long-term welfare above short-term pleasure, and make major family decisions with clear consent and ethical boundaries.