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Shloka 1

Ikṣvāku Dynasty: Vikukṣi’s Offense, Purañjaya’s Victory, Māndhātā’s Birth, and Saubhari’s Fall and Renunciation

Devanagari script

श्रीशुक उवाच विरूप: केतुमाञ्छम्भुरम्बरीषसुतास्त्रय: । विरूपात् पृषदश्वोऽभूत्तत् पुत्रस्तु रथीतर: ॥ १ ॥

Transliteration

śrī-śuka uvāca virūpaḥ ketumāñ chambhur ambarīṣa-sutās trayaḥ virūpāt pṛṣadaśvo ’bhūt tat-putras tu rathītaraḥ

Translation

Śrī Śukadeva said: Ambarīṣa had three sons—Virūpa, Ketumān, and Śambhu. From Virūpa came Pṛṣadaśva, and his son was Rathītara.

Synonyms
श्री-शुकःŚrī Śuka
श्री-शुकः:
कर्ता (वक्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रीशुक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन — ‘Śrī-Śuka’ (honorific + name)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
क्रिया (वचन-क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन — ‘said/spoke’
विरूपःVirūpa
विरूपः:
कर्ता (उद्देश्य/Enumerated subject)
TypeNoun
Rootविरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — proper name
केतुमान्Ketumān
केतुमान्:
कर्ता (उद्देश्य/Enumerated subject)
TypeNoun
Rootकेतुमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — proper name (मतुप्-प्रत्यय)
शम्भुःŚambhu
शम्भुः:
कर्ता (उद्देश्य/Enumerated subject)
TypeNoun
Rootशम्भु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — proper name
अम्बरीष-सुताःsons of Ambarīṣa
अम्बरीष-सुताः:
कर्ता (समुच्चित-कर्ता/Collective subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअम्बरीष (प्रातिपदिक) + सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन — षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘sons of Ambarīṣa’
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
विशेषण (संख्या-विशेषण/Numeral qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन — numeral adjective qualifying ‘सुताः’
विरूपात्from Virūpa
विरूपात्:
अपादान (source/origin)
TypeNoun
Rootविरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (5th/Ablative), एकवचन — ‘from Virūpa’
पृषदश्वःPṛṣadaśva
पृषदश्वः:
कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपृषदश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — proper name
अभूत्was born/became
अभूत्:
क्रिया (भवति-क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formलुङ्-लकार (Aorist), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन — ‘was/became’
तत्his/that
तत्:
विशेषण (निर्देशक/Determiner)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — demonstrative used attributively ‘his/that’ (refers to Pṛṣadaśva)
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — ‘son’
तुindeed/but
तु:
सम्बन्ध (वाक्य-सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय — अवधान/विरोधार्थक-निपात (particle: ‘but/indeed’)
रथीतरःRathītara
रथीतरः:
कर्ता (समाप्य-कर्ता/Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootरथीतर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — proper name
Characters & Entities
A
Ambarīṣa
V
Virūpa
K
Ketumān
Ś
Śambhu
P
Pṛṣadaśva
R
Rathītara

FAQs

This verse states that Ambarīṣa had three sons: Virūpa, Ketumān, and Śambhu.

In this section, Śukadeva continues the dynastic record (vaṁśa) to preserve sacred history and show how dharma and devotion flow through royal lineages.

Remembering one’s roots and responsibilities—like the Bhāgavatam’s careful lineage—encourages integrity, gratitude, and living in alignment with dharma.

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