Srimad Bhagavatam — Ekadasha Skandha, Shloka 5
Guṇa-vibhāga: The Three Modes and the Path Beyond Them
शमो दमस्तितिक्षेक्षा तप: सत्यं दया स्मृति: । तुष्टिस्त्यागोऽस्पृहा श्रद्धा ह्रीर्दयादि: स्वनिर्वृति: ॥ २ ॥ काम ईहा मदस्तृष्णा स्तम्भ आशीर्भिदा सुखम् । मदोत्साहो यश:प्रीतिर्हास्यं वीर्यं बलोद्यम: ॥ ३ ॥ क्रोधो लोभोऽनृतं हिंसा याच्ञा दम्भ: क्लम: कलि: । शोकमोहौ विषादार्ती निद्राशा भीरनुद्यम: ॥ ४ ॥ सत्त्वस्य रजसश्चैतास्तमसश्चानुपूर्वश: । वृत्तयो वर्णितप्राया: सन्निपातमथो शृणु ॥ ५ ॥
śamo damas titikṣekṣā tapaḥ satyaṁ dayā smṛtiḥ tuṣṭis tyāgo ’spṛhā śraddhā hrīr dayādiḥ sva-nirvṛtiḥ
Control of mind and senses, forbearance, discernment, steadfastness in one’s prescribed dharma, truthfulness, compassion, sacred remembrance, contentment, generosity, renunciation of sense pleasure, faith in the spiritual master, shame at improper acts, charity, simplicity, humility, and inner satisfaction—these are the qualities of sattva, the mode of goodness. Material desire, intense endeavor, audacity, dissatisfaction even in gain, false pride, prayers for worldly advancement, seeing oneself as superior, indulgence in sense enjoyment, rash eagerness to fight, delight in hearing one’s own praise, ridiculing others, flaunting one’s prowess, and justifying actions by strength—these are the qualities of rajas, the mode of passion. Intolerant anger, greed and stinginess, speech without śāstric authority, violent hatred, living as a parasite, hypocrisy, chronic fatigue, quarrel, lamentation, delusion, misery, depression, excessive sleep, false hopes, fear, and laziness—these are the qualities of tamas, the mode of ignorance. Now hear of the intermixture of these three modes.
FAQs
In 11.25.5, Krishna says the tendencies of sattva, rajas, and tamas have been described in order, and He will next explain their mixture—how combined modes shape a person’s behavior.
In the Uddhava-gītā section, Uddhava seeks clear guidance on spiritual life; Krishna explains how the gunas produce different traits and then proceeds to teach how their combinations operate, aiding discernment and transcendence.
By recognizing mixed motivations (clarity, restlessness, inertia) behind thoughts and habits, one can cultivate sattva through discipline and devotion, reduce rajas/tamas triggers, and steadily orient life toward bhakti and inner freedom.