Shloka 12

वयं पुरा श्रीमदनष्टद‍ृष्टयो जिगीषयास्या इतरेतरस्पृध: । घ्नन्त: प्रजा: स्वा अतिनिर्घृणा: प्रभो मृत्युं पुरस्त्वाविगणय्य दुर्मदा: ॥ १२ ॥ त एव कृष्णाद्य गभीररंहसा दुरन्तेवीर्येण विचालिता: श्रिय: । कालेन तन्वा भवतोऽनुकम्पया विनष्टदर्पाश्चरणौ स्मराम ते ॥ १३ ॥

vayaṁ purā śrī-mada-naṣṭa-dṛṣṭayo jigīṣayāsyā itaretara-spṛdhaḥ ghnantaḥ prajāḥ svā ati-nirghṛṇāḥ prabho mṛtyuṁ puras tvāvigaṇayya durmadāḥ

O Lord, formerly we were blinded by the intoxication of wealth; desiring to conquer this earth, we rivaled one another and, most mercilessly, tormented our own subjects. In arrogant madness we disregarded You, though You stood before us as death itself.

vayamwe
vayam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
purāformerly
purā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpurā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time: 'formerly')
śrī-mada-naṣṭa-dṛṣṭayaḥwhose judgment was ruined by pride of fortune
śrī-mada-naṣṭa-dṛṣṭayaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśrī (प्रातिपदिक) + mada (प्रातिपदिक) + naṣṭa (कृदन्त; √naś) + dṛṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहिः: 'श्रीमदेन नष्टा दृष्टिः येषाम्' (whose vision was ruined by pride of prosperity)
jigīṣayāwith the desire to conquer
jigīṣayā:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootjigīṣā (प्रातिपदिक; desiderative noun from √ji)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; हेतौ/साधनार्थे (by/with the desire to conquer)
asyāḥof this (earth/realm)
asyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
itaretara-spṛdhaḥrivaling one another
itaretara-spṛdhaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootitaretara (प्रातिपदिक) + spṛdh (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः: 'इतरेतरं स्पृध् येषाम्' (mutually rivalrous)
ghnantaḥkilling
ghnantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√han (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; परस्मैपदी-भावः
prajāḥsubjects/people
prajāḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन
svāḥtheir own
svāḥ:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; 'प्रजाः' इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (own)
ati-nirghṛṇāḥutterly merciless
ati-nirghṛṇāḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootati (अव्यय-उपसर्गभाव) + nirghṛṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; अव्ययीभावः: 'अतिशयेन निर्घृणाः' (exceedingly merciless)
prabhoO Lord
prabho:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootprabhu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
mṛtyumdeath
mṛtyum:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛtyu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
puraḥbefore (us)
puraḥ:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpuraḥ (अव्यय)
Formदेश/अग्रवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: 'in front/before')
tvāyou
tvā:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formमध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
avigaṇayyadisregarding
avigaṇayya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Roota- (निषेध) + vi + √gaṇ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund): 'अविगणय्य' = not counting/regarding; 'त्वा' इत्यनेन सह (having disregarded you)
durmadāḥarrogant
durmadāḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdur (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + mada (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः: 'दुष्टो मदः येषाम्/दुर्मदाः' (arrogant, badly intoxicated with pride)
K
Krishna

FAQs

This verse condemns pride born of opulence: it blinds judgment, breeds rivalry and cruelty, and makes one disregard inevitable death—whereas true safety lies in remembering the Lord.

Seeing Kṛṣṇa’s supremacy and mercy at Yudhiṣṭhira’s sacrifice, the kings recognize their past misdeeds and admit that their arrogance made them forget the Lord, so they seek His shelter.

Power, success, or status can cloud ethics; this verse urges honest self-audit, compassion toward those dependent on us, and steady remembrance of God to dissolve arrogance.