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Shloka 9

Kṛṣṇa Comforts His Parents, Restores Ugrasena, Studies with Sāndīpani, and Returns the Guru’s Son

तत् क्षन्तुमर्हथस्तात मातर्नौ परतन्त्रयो: । अकुर्वतोर्वां शुश्रूषां क्लिष्टयोर्दुर्हृदा भृशम् ॥ ९ ॥

tat kṣantum arhathas tāta mātar nau para-tantrayoḥ akurvator vāṁ śuśrūṣāṁ kliṣṭayor durhṛdā bhṛśam

Dear Father and Mother, please forgive Us. We were not independent and thus could not serve you; the cruel Kaṁsa grievously oppressed Us.

tatthat (fault)
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; object of 'kṣantum' = 'that (offence)'
kṣantumto forgive
kṣantum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Root√kṣam (धातु)
FormInfinitive (तुमुन्)
arhathasyou two ought
arhathas:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√arh (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Dual (द्विवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
tātaO father
tāta:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Roottāta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular
mātarO mother
mātar:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
nauof us two
nau:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive, Dual; enclitic
para-tantrayoḥof the two who were dependent (on others)
para-tantrayoḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpara-tantra (प्रातिपदिक); para (प्रातिपदिक) + tantra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual; tatpuruṣa = 'dependent on others'
akurvatoḥ(of us two) not doing
akurvatoḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeVerb
Roota-√kṛ (धातु) > akurvat (कृदन्त, शतृ)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Genitive, Dual; 'of (us two) not doing'
vāmfor you two
vām:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootyuvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormDative (4th/चतुर्थी), Dual; enclitic
śuśrūṣāmservice, attendance
śuśrūṣām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśuśrūṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular; object of implied 'akurvatoḥ'
kliṣṭayoḥof the two afflicted
kliṣṭayoḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√kliś (धातु) > kliṣṭa (कृदन्त, क्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Genitive, Dual; qualifying 'nau'
durhṛdāby a wicked-hearted (enemy)
durhṛdā:
Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootdurhṛd (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; agent/cause instrument
bhṛśamgreatly, exceedingly
bhṛśam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbhṛśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya, adverb

According to Sanskrit grammar, the words para-tantrayoḥ and kliṣṭayoḥ may also refer to Vasudeva and Devakī. Actually, Vasudeva and Devakī were under the control of Providence and were disturbed by the activities of Kaṁsa, whereas Śrī Kṛṣṇa is always the absolute Personality of Godhead.

K
Kṛṣṇa
V
Vasudeva
D
Devakī

FAQs

This verse shows Kṛṣṇa Himself expressing remorse for not being able to serve His parents, teaching that honoring and serving father and mother is a sacred dharmic duty.

After being separated from them due to Kaṁsa’s oppression and later royal responsibilities, Kṛṣṇa acknowledges that He could not personally care for them and asks their forgiveness.

Even when circumstances limit our time, we can maintain humility, communicate gratitude, and offer consistent practical support and respectful attention to parents and elders.