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Shloka 3

Nanda’s Captivity by Varuṇa and the Revelation of the Spiritual World

Brahma-hrada

चुक्रुशुस्तमपश्यन्त: कृष्ण रामेति गोपका: । भगवांस्तदुपश्रुत्य पितरं वरुणाहृतम् । तदन्तिकं गतो राजन्स्वानामभयदो विभु: ॥ ३ ॥

cukruśus tam apaśyantaḥ kṛṣṇa rāmeti gopakāḥ bhagavāṁs tad upaśrutya pitaraṁ varuṇāhṛtam tad-antikaṁ gato rājan svānām abhaya-do vibhuḥ

O King, not seeing Nanda Mahārāja, the cowherd men cried out loudly, “O Kṛṣṇa! O Rāma!” Lord Kṛṣṇa heard them and understood that His father had been seized by Varuṇa; thus the almighty Lord, who grants fearlessness to His devotees, went to the court of Varuṇadeva.

चुक्रुशुःcried out
चुक्रुशुः:
क्रिया (Verb/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootक्रुश् (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; parasmaipada
तम्him
तम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अपश्यन्तःnot seeing (him)
अपश्यन्तः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootपश् (धातु) → पश्यत् (कृदन्त, शतृ)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle, शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘not seeing’ with negation implied by context
कृष्णO Kṛṣṇa!
कृष्ण:
सम्बोधन (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; vocative
रामO Rāma!
राम:
सम्बोधन (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; vocative
इतिthus
इति:
वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Quotative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउक्त्यर्थक अव्यय; marks the words cried
गोपकाःthe cowherd men
गोपकाः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगोपक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
भगवान्the Blessed Lord
भगवान्:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
तत्that (news/cry)
तत्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; refers to their cry/news
उपश्रुत्यhaving heard
उपश्रुत्य:
पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootउप-श्रु (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
पितरम्(his) father
पितरम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
वरुण-आहृतम्taken away by Varuṇa
वरुण-आहृतम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootवरुण + आ-हृ (धातु) → आहृत (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; tatpuruṣa ‘वरुणेन आहृतः’ (brought by Varuṇa)
तत्-अन्तिकम्to that place/presence
तत्-अन्तिकम्:
कर्म (Karma/Goal)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् + अन्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; goal ‘to that vicinity/presence’
गतःwent
गतः:
क्रिया (Predicate action)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु) → गत (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त used predicatively; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘having gone’
राजन्O King
राजन्:
सम्बोधन (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; vocative
स्वानाम्of his own people
स्वानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; ‘of his own (people)’
अभय-दःgiver of fearlessness
अभय-दः:
कर्तृ-सम्बन्धि विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअभय + द (धातु) → द (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; tatpuruṣa ‘अभयं ददाति’ (giver of fearlessness)
विभुःthe all-powerful one
विभुः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootविभु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; apposition to ‘भगवान्’

Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura explains that when Nanda Mahārāja went to bathe in the river, he was accompanied by several cowherd men. When Nanda did not come out of the water, they began to cry out, and Lord Kṛṣṇa immediately came there. Understanding the situation, Śrī Kṛṣṇa entered the water and went to the court of the demigod Varuṇa, determined to free His father and the other cowherd men from fear of a mere demigod.

K
Krishna
B
Balarama (Rama)
V
Varuna
N
Nanda Maharaja
K
King Parikshit

FAQs

This verse calls Kṛṣṇa “abhayadaḥ”—the giver of fearlessness—showing that when His devotees are distressed, He personally acts to remove their fear and protect them.

Hearing the boys cry “Kṛṣṇa! Rāma!” and learning that His father Nanda had been taken by Varuṇa, Kṛṣṇa immediately went to Varuṇa’s abode to rescue him.

When anxiety arises, take shelter through sincere prayer and remembrance of Kṛṣṇa, trusting that the Lord guides and protects those who turn to Him with devotion.