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Shloka 16

Nanda’s Captivity by Varuṇa and the Revelation of the Spiritual World

Brahma-hrada

ते तु ब्रह्मह्रदं नीता मग्ना: कृष्णेन चोद्‌धृता: । दद‍ृशुर्ब्रह्मणो लोकं यत्राक्रूरोऽध्यगात् पुरा ॥ १६ ॥

te tu brahma-hradam nītā magnāḥ kṛṣṇena coddhṛtāḥ dadṛśur brahmaṇo lokaṁ yatrākrūro ’dhyagāt purā

Kṛṣṇa led the cowherd men to the Brahma-hrada, had them submerge, and then lifted them up; from the very place Akrūra once beheld, they saw the world of Brahman, the realm of Absolute Truth.

तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), conjunction/particle (निपात) ‘but/indeed’
ब्रह्मह्रदम्the lake of Brahman
ब्रह्मह्रदम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्+ह्रद (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन); समासः: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (ब्रह्मणः ह्रदः)
नीताःwere led
नीताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootनी (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन); ‘having been led’
मग्नाःsubmerged
मग्नाः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमग्न (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKṛdanta/adjectival PPP sense; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन); ‘submerged’
कृष्णेनby Krishna
कृष्णेन:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Singular (एकवचन)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चय)
उद्धृताःwere lifted out
उद्धृताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootउद्+हृ (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन); ‘lifted up/rescued’
ददृशुःthey saw
ददृशुः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Plural (बहुवचन)
ब्रह्मणःof Brahman
ब्रह्मणः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी) Singular (एकवचन)
लोकम्the realm
लोकम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन)
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/relative location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), relative adverb (देशवाचक)
अक्रूरःAkrura
अक्रूरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअक्रूर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
अध्यगात्attained, reached
अध्यगात्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअधि+गम् (धातु)
FormAorist (लुङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Singular (एकवचन)
पुराformerly
पुरा:
Kāla (काल/temporal)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), adverb of time (कालवाचक)

The unlimited extension of spiritual light, called the brahmajyoti in text 15, is compared to a lake called Brahma-hrada. Lord Kṛṣṇa submerged the cowherd men in that lake in the sense that He submerged them in the awareness of the impersonal Brahman. But then, as indicated by the word uddhṛtāḥ, He lifted them up to a higher understanding, that of the Personality of Godhead in His own planet. As clearly stated here, dadṛśur brahmaṇo lokam: They saw, just as Akrūra did, the transcendental abode of the Absolute Truth.

K
Kṛṣṇa
A
Akrūra
B
Brahmā

FAQs

This verse shows that by Kṛṣṇa’s direct action—immersing and lifting them from Brahma-hrada—the devotees were granted vision of a higher divine realm, indicating spiritual realization is bestowed by His grace.

Akrūra is a devotee of Kṛṣṇa who previously received a wondrous divine vision; this verse links the present revelation to that earlier experience, confirming the reality of the spiritual realm and Kṛṣṇa’s power to reveal it.

The takeaway is to cultivate bhakti—hearing, chanting, and serving with sincerity—since the verse emphasizes that true spiritual perception ultimately comes by the Lord’s mercy, not by mere effort or speculation.