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Shloka 31

Trikūṭa Mountain, Ṛtumat Garden, and the Beginning of Gajendra’s Crisis

इत्थं गजेन्द्र: स यदाप सङ्कटं प्राणस्य देही विवशो यद‍ृच्छया । अपारयन्नात्मविमोक्षणे चिरं दध्याविमां बुद्धिमथाभ्यपद्यत ॥ ३१ ॥

itthaṁ gajendraḥ sa yadāpa saṅkaṭaṁ prāṇasya dehī vivaśo yadṛcchayā apārayann ātma-vimokṣaṇe ciraṁ dadhyāv imāṁ buddhim athābhyapadyata

Thus Gajendra, the king of elephants, by the will of Providence fell into the crocodile’s grip. Being embodied, he was helpless and for a long time could not free himself. Afraid of death, he pondered deeply and at last came to this resolve.

इत्थम्thus
इत्थम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत्थम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb)
गजेन्द्रःGajendra (lord of elephants)
गजेन्द्रः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगजेन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—गज + इन्द्र (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)
यदाwhen
यदा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/Temporal link)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (कालवाचक/temporal conjunction)
आपattained/encountered
आप:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootआप् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
सङ्कटम्distress, danger
सङ्कटम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootसङ्कट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
प्राणस्यof life-breath
प्राणस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
देहीthe embodied one
देही:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootदेहिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; देहवान् (embodied being)
विवशःhelpless
विवशः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootविवश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier of गजेन्द्रः/देही)
यदृच्छयाby chance, unexpectedly
यदृच्छया:
Karana (करण/Instrument; adverbial)
TypeNoun
Rootयदृच्छा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; अव्ययीभावार्थे—‘by chance’
अपारयन्was unable (to accomplish)
अपारयन्:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootपारय् (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; नञर्थे—‘could not’ (अ- उपसर्ग)
आत्मविमोक्षणेin (the matter of) self-liberation
आत्मविमोक्षणे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location; domain)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् + विमोक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; समासः—आत्मन् + विमोक्षण (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः)
चिरम्for a long time
चिरम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचिरम् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (कालपरिमाणवाचक/adverb of duration)
दध्यौpondered, meditated
दध्यौ:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootध्यै (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
इमाम्this
इमाम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम-विशेषण (qualifier of बुद्धिम्)
बुद्धिम्thought, resolve
बुद्धिम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अथthen
अथ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/Discourse connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (समुच्चय/sequence particle)
अभ्यपद्यतresorted to, took refuge in
अभ्यपद्यत:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootपद् (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; उपसर्गः—अभि

Everyone in the material world is engaged in a struggle for existence. Everyone tries to save himself from danger, but when one is unable to save himself, if he is pious, he then takes shelter of the lotus feet of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. This is confirmed in Bhagavad-gītā (7.16) :

G
Gajendra

FAQs

This verse shows that when Gajendra could not save himself despite long struggle, he turned inward, reflected, and accepted a decisive resolve—pointing to surrender as the turning point when personal strength fails.

Because the crisis threatened his very life and he was unable to free himself for a long time; the narrative emphasizes that such helplessness can awaken remembrance and the decision to seek divine shelter.

When stuck in a problem beyond your control, pause the frantic struggle, reflect clearly, and consciously choose devotional shelter—prayer, remembrance of the Lord, and humility—rather than relying only on ego-driven effort.