Mantra 4

Sukta 87

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यद् योधया महतो मन्यमानान् साक्षाम तान् बाहुभिः शाशदानान्। यद् वा नृभिर्वृत इन्द्राभियुध्यास्तं त्वयाजिं सौश्रवसं जयेम

IAST Transliteration

yád yodháyā maható manyámānān sā́kṣāmá tā́n bāhúbhiḥ śā́śadānān | yád vā nṛ́bhir vṛ́ta indrābhiyúdhyās táṃ tvayā́jím sáuśravásaṃ jayema

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

When thou didst battle, face to face, the mighty who deemed themselves great, smiting them down with thine arms; or when, O Indra, girt about with heroes, thou didst join in onset—by thee may we win that contest, rich in good report.

Word by Word

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: Adhikaraṇa (हेतुवाचक/सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• योधयाः: you fight / you make (them) fight
• योधयाः: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध् (धातु) → योधय (णिच् caus.)

• महतः: of the great (one)
• महतः: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• मन्यमानान्: (those) thinking/considering (themselves)
• मन्यमानान्: Karma (योधयाः—whom you fight)
• Type: Participle (Adjective/Noun)
• Root: √मन् (मन्यते) → मन्यमान (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• साक्षाम्: directly, face to face
• साक्षाम्: Adhikaraṇa (रीतिवाचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साक्षात् (अव्यय) → साक्षाम् (वैदिक रूप)

• तान्: those (them)
• तान्: Karma (मन्यमानान् इत्यस्य पुनरुक्त-निर्देशः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• बाहुभिः: with (your) arms
• बाहुभिः: Karaṇa (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु (प्रातिपदिक)

• शाशदानान्: smiting/overpowering (ones)
• शाशदानान्: Karma (तान्—those who are smiting/overpowering)
• Type: Participle (Adjective/Noun)
• Root: √शद्/शद् (वैदिक: ‘to overpower/drive away/strike’) → शाशदान (वर्तमान कृदन्त, तीव्र/पुनरुक्त-आभास)

• यत्: or when/that which
• यत्: Adhikaraṇa (हेतुवाचक/सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वा: or
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (निपात)

• नृभिः: with men, with warriors
• नृभिः: Karaṇa / Sahakārī (with men, as associates/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृतः: chosen / attended / surrounded
• वृतः: Kartā (इन्द्रः—being ‘chosen/attended’)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते ‘to choose, surround’) → वृत (भूतकृदन्त)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (Vocative)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभियुध्याः: you fight against / you engage in battle
• अभियुध्याः: Kriyā (उपवाक्य-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध् (धातु) + अभि (उपसर्ग) → अभियुध्य (verb stem)

• तम्: that (him/that)
• तम्: Karma (जयेम—whom/that [battle] we win)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वया: by you, with you
• त्वया: Karaṇa / Sahakārī (by/with you)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अजिम्: the battle/contest
• अजिम्: Karma (जयेम—what we win)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अजि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘race, contest, battle’)

• सौश्रवसम्: renowned, glorious
• सौश्रवसम्: Karma (विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सौश्रवस (प्रातिपदिक; ‘glorious, famed for good hearing/renown’)

• जयेम: may we win
• जयेम: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जि (जयति)

Attribution

Rishi: Traditionally Indra-related seers (RV provenance; AV20 is largely Rigvedic re-collection)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (Rigvedic-style)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":null,"emotional_arc":"From recalling intimidation → decisive confrontation → collective onset → confident petition for victory and fame.","listener_experience":"Adrenal clarity, bravery, readiness with ethical pride.","intensity":8}