Mantra 1

Sukta 85

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

मा चिदन्यद् वि शंसत सखायो मा रिषण्यत । इन्द्रमित् स्तोता वृषणं सचा सुते मुहुरुक्था च शंसत

IAST Transliteration

mā́ cid anyád ví śaṃsata sákhāyo mā́ ríṣaṇyata | índram íd stótā vṛ́ṣaṇaṃ sácā suté múhur ukthā́ ca śaṃsata ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Praise not, even in the least, another—O comrades, do ye no hurt: Indra alone, the Bull, let the singer praise; with the pressed Soma, again and again, recite the solemn hymns.

Word by Word

• मा: do not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध) / mā

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (अव्यय) / cit

• अन्यत्: anything else; another (thing)
• अन्यत्: कर्म (शंसत इति क्रियायाः)
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक) / anya

• वि: apart; in various ways (intensifier)
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग) / vi

• शंसत: praise / proclaim (you all)!
• शंसत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शंस् (स्तुतौ/कथने) / śaṃs

• सखायः: friends; companions
• सखायः: कर्तृ (शंसत इति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक) / sakhi

• मा: do not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध) / mā

• रिषण्यत: harm (you all)!
• रिषण्यत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रिष् (हिंसायाम्/क्षतौ) / riṣ

• इन्द्रम्: Indra
• इन्द्रम्: कर्म (शंसत/स्तोता इत्यादि स्तुतिकर्मणि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक) / indra

• इत्: indeed; just
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (अव्यय) / it

• स्तोता: the praiser; singer
• स्तोता: कर्तृ (शंसत इत्यस्य निहितः/सम्बद्धः)
• Type: Noun (agent) / Kṛdanta
• Root: √स्तु (स्तुतौ) → स्तोतृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) / stotṛ

• वृषणम्: the mighty/bull-like (one)
• वृषणम्: कर्म (इन्द्रम् विशेषयन्)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: वृषण (प्रातिपदिक) / vṛṣaṇa

• सचा: together with
• सचा: सह/साकं-भाव (सहचर्य)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सचा (अव्यय) / sacā

• सुते: in/at the pressed (soma)
• सुते: अधिकरण (where/when: at the pressed soma)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक; √सु ‘press’ → ‘pressed (soma)’) / suta

• मुहुः: again and again; repeatedly
• मुहुः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मुहुः (अव्यय) / muhuḥ

• उक्था: hymns; recitations
• उक्था: कर्म (शंसत इति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उक्थ (प्रातिपदिक) / uktha

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय) / ca

• शंसत: praise / proclaim (you all)!
• शंसत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शंस् (स्तुतौ/कथने) / śaṃs

Attribution

Rishi: RV-source seer (Indra hymn tradition; AV 20 inherits RV arrangement).

Devata: Indra

Chandas: RV-derived meter (per source)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From warning/discipline to confident, repeated praise—settling into assured strength.","listener_experience":"Feels like a rallying instruction: unify, do not err, praise with force; steadies the group mind.","intensity":6}