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Mantra 2

Sukta 128

यो जाम्या अप्रथयस्तद् यत् सखायं दुधूर्षति । ज्येष्ठो यदप्रचेतास्तदाहुरधरागिति

yó jāḿyā áprathayas tád yát sakhā́yaṁ dudhū́rṣati | jyéṣṭho yád apracetā́s tád āhur ádharā́ íti ||

Whoso among his own folk furthereth not their weal—inasmuch as he would fain assail a comrade—when the elder is void of counsel, that, men say, is ‘the lower sort.’

यःwho (he who)
यः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जाम्याः(his) own/related women; kinswomen
जाम्याः:
Karma
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootजामि (प्रातिपदिक)
अप्रथयःhe spread out / made known
अप्रथयः:
(verb)
TypeVerb
Rootप्रथय् (धातु; प्रथ्/प्रथय् = विस्तारयति/प्रख्यापयति)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
यत्which/that (fact)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सखायम्a friend
सखायम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
दुधूर्षतिhe desires to milk / wishes to exploit
दुधूर्षति:
(verb)
TypeVerb
Rootदुह् (धातु; desiderative stem: दुधूर्ष-)
ज्येष्ठःthe eldest / senior
ज्येष्ठः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्which/that (fact)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अप्रचेताःunwise, lacking discernment
अप्रचेताः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअ-प्रचेतस् (प्रातिपदिक; नञ्-समासः)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
आहुःthey have said / they call
आहुः:
(verb)
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (धातु; ब्रू/अह् = वदति)
अधराःthe lower/younger (ones)
अधराः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअधर (प्रातिपदिक)
इतिthus (so)
इति:
(quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

Rishi: Traditionally Ṛgvedic provenance (Book 20 supplement); specific ṛṣi attribution for 20.128 is not uniform across ancillary lists.

Devata: Implicit: social order/dharma; no single devatā explicitly invoked in this mantra.

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (approx.; AV 20 often preserves RV-style meters)

{"primary_rasa":"raudra","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Indignation at betrayal resolves into cool verdict and containment.","listener_experience":"A sense of moral clarity and boundary-setting; social courage to name harmful behavior.","intensity":6}