Mantra 2

Sukta 124

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

कस्त्वा सत्यो मदानां मंहिष्ठो मत्सदन्धसः । दृल्हा चिदारुजे वसु

IAST Transliteration

kás tvā́ satyó madā́nāṁ máṁhiṣṭho matsád ándhasaḥ | dṛḷhā́ cid ārúje vásu

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Who, O Vasu, is he that shall surpass thee—true amid the raptures, most bounteous, exulting in the Soma’s juice—thou who rendest even things firm-set fast?

Word by Word

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वा: you (object)
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (अस्मद्-युष्मद् सर्वनाम)

• सत्यः: true, truthful
• सत्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक) < सत् + य

• मदानाम्: of the exhilarations/raptures (intoxicating joys)
• मदानाम्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक)

• मंहिष्ठः: most bountiful, most generous
• मंहिष्ठः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (Superlative)
• Root: मंहिन्/मंह (प्रातिपदिक) + इष्ठ (तमप्-प्रत्ययः)

• मत्सद्: sitting with (us), abiding together
• मत्सद्: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: √सद् (सीदति) उपसर्गः: मत्- (सह/सम्-भावः) ; वर्तमानकृदन्त

• अन्धसः: of the Soma-juice / of the drink
• अन्धसः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्धस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• दृल्हाः: firm, strong
• दृल्हाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृल्ह/दृढ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘firm, strong’)

• चित्: even, indeed
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात/अव्यय)

• आरुजे: I break / I have broken
• आरुजे: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रुज् (रुजति/रुज् ‘to break, shatter, injure’) उपसर्गः: आ- ; लिट्/लुङ्-रूपेण व्याख्येयम्

• वसु: wealth, good (treasure)
• वसु: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: As in RV parallel for this verse: a Rigvedic seer tradition (Indra-stuti); AV 20 generally imports RV material—precise r̥ṣi per AV anukramaṇī needed for this specific mantra.

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī-type RV meter in AV 20 context (exact pada-count to be confirmed against RV source).

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"Awe at Indra’s power rising into courageous confidence.","listener_experience":"Energized, emboldened, ready to confront obstacles.","intensity":8}