Mantra 1
Sukta 121
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
अभि त्वा शूर नोनुमोऽदुग्धा इव धेनवः । ईशानमस्य जगतः स्वर्दृशमीशानमिन्द्र तस्थुषः
IAST Transliteration
abhí tvā śūra nonumo ’dúgdhā iva dhenávaḥ | ī́śānam asyá jágataḥ svàr-dṛ́śam ī́śānam indra tasthúṣaḥ
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
Toward thee, O hero, we press, as unmilked kine: thee, the sovereign of this moving world, the heaven-seeing, the sovereign, Indra, of what standeth fast.
Word by Word
अभिtowards, unto
अभि:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
त्वाyou (acc.)
त्वा:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शूरO hero
शूर:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (vocative epithet)
Rootशूर (प्रातिपदिक)
नोनुमःwe urge on / we praise repeatedly
नोनुमः:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootनु (धातु; पुनःपुनः-प्रेरणे/स्तुतौ) + उपसर्ग निस्/नु-प्रयोगः; reduplicated perfect-like present in Vedic
अदुग्धाःunmilked
अदुग्धाः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootदुह् (धातु) → दुग्ध (कृदन्त-भूतकृदन्त) with privative अ-
इवlike, as
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
धेनवःcows
धेनवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु (प्रातिपदिक)
ईशानम्the lord, the ruler
ईशानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootईशान (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ruling, lord’)
अस्यof this
अस्य:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जगतःof the world (moving creation)
जगतः:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootजगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
स्वर्दृशम्heaven-seeing; having sight of heaven/light
स्वर्दृशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa sense: ‘heaven-seeing’)
Rootस्वर् (प्रातिपदिक ‘heaven/light’) + दृश् (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त ‘seeing’) → समास: स्वर्दृश
ईशानम्the lord
ईशानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (substantive)
Rootईशान (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
तस्थुषःof the standing (the stationary beings)
तस्थुषः:
Sambandha (genitive)
TypeNoun/Participle (substantivized)
Rootस्था (धातु) → तस्थुष् (कृदन्त/परस्मैपदी-परफेक्ट participial stem in Vedic)
Attribution
Rishi: RV-derived (likely Kaṇva tradition in this cluster)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From urgent approach to awe at universal sovereignty.","listener_experience":"Energized confidence; sense of being backed by a cosmic king.","intensity":7}