Mantra 5

Sukta 13

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

बलविज्ञायः स्थविरः प्रवीरः सहस्वान् वाजी सहमान उग्रः । अभिवीरो अभिषत्वा सहोजिज्जैत्रमिन्द्र रथमा तिष्ठ गोविदम्

IAST Transliteration

balavijñāyáḥ sthaviráḥ pravī́raḥ sáhasvān vājī́ sáhamāna ugráḥ | abhivī́ro abhiṣátvā sahojíj jáitram indra rátham ā́ tiṣṭha govídam

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Knowing strength, stout, rich in heroes; mighty, prize-winning, overpowering, fierce—more than heroic, having smitten, winning by might: O Indra, mount the conquering chariot, the cow-winning.

Word by Word

• बलविज्ञायः: knower of strength / discerning strength
• बलविज्ञायः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण इन्द्रस्य)
• Type: Adjective (bahuvrīhi/compound epithet)
• Root: बल-विज्ञाय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘बल’ + ‘विज्ञाय’)

• स्थविरः: steadfast, firm, mighty
• स्थविरः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्थविर (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रवीरः: having eminent heroes; very heroic
• प्रवीरः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-वीर (प्रातिपदिक)

• सहस्वान्: powerful, strong
• सहस्वान्: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहस्वत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाजी: swift; prize-winning; steed-like
• वाजी: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: वाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सहमानः: enduring, overcoming
• सहमानः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle (present)
• Root: सह् (धातु) → सहमान (वर्तमान कृदन्त, शतृ)

• उग्रः: fierce, formidable
• उग्रः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभिवीरः: pre-eminently heroic; hero over (others)
• अभिवीरः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि-वीर (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभिषत्वा: having pressed/impelled (upon), having assailed
• अभिषत्वा: कर्तृ-क्रियाविशेषण (पूर्वकर्म)
• Type: Gerund (absolutive)
• Root: अभि-षु/सव् (धातु; ‘to press/impel’) → अभिषत्वा (क्त्वान्त अव्यय)

• सहोजित्: conquering by strength and vigor
• सहोजित्: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective (compound epithet)
• Root: सहस्-ओजस्-जित् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strength+vigor+conquering’)

• जैत्रम्: victorious (thing); victory, triumph
• जैत्रम्: कर्म (आ-तिष्ठ इत्यस्य)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: जैत्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: कर्म (आ-तिष्ठ इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: unto, onto; hither
• आ: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• तिष्ठ: mount! stand! take your place!
• तिष्ठ: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) → तिष्ठ (लोट्)

• गोविदम्: cow-finding; winning cattle (as booty)
• गोविदम्: कर्म/विशेष्य-विशेषणभावः (रथम्—गोविदम्, ‘cow-finding’ chariot)
• Type: Adjective (used as epithet)
• Root: गो-विद (प्रातिपदिक; ‘finder/knower of cows’)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like / mixed

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From assessing strength → intensifying fierceness → culminating in the divine mounting of the chariot.","listener_experience":"Buoyant courage with a sense of auspicious gain.","intensity":7}