Mantra 22
Sukta 2
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
मातरिश्वा च पवमानश्च विपथवाहौ वातः सारथी रेष्मा प्रतोदः
IAST Transliteration
mātáriśvā ca pávamānaś ca vipatha-vāháu vā́taḥ sā́rathī reśmā́ pratodáḥ
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
Mātariśvan and Pavamāna are the two that bear along the wrong road; Wind is the charioteer, the rein, the goad.
Word by Word
मातरिश्वाMātariśvan (a divine wind/fire messenger)
मातरिश्वा:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (proper name)
Rootमातरिश्वन् (प्रातिपदिक) [= वायु/अग्नि-स्वरूप देवता]
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (निपात)
पवमानःPavamāna (the purifying one; epithet of wind/Soma)
पवमानः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootपवमान (प्रातिपदिक; √पू/पु ‘to purify, to blow’ से ‘पवमान’ = ‘purifying/flowing’)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (निपात)
विपथवाहौthe two ‘path-bearers’/guides (dual epithet)
विपथवाहौ:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective (dual epithet)
Rootविपथवाह (प्रातिपदिक; वि-पथ-वाह ‘carrying along wrong/various paths’)
वातःWind
वातः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootवात (प्रातिपदिक; √वा ‘to blow’)
सारथीcharioteer, driver
सारथी:
कर्तृ/विशेषण-भावे
TypeNoun
Rootसारथि (प्रातिपदिक)
रेष्माrein, bridle
रेष्मा:
कर्तृ/उपपद-विशेषण
TypeNoun
Rootरेष्मन्/रेष्म (प्रातिपदिक; ‘रेष्मा’ = नामरूप, ‘rein/bridle’)
प्रतोदःgoad, whip
प्रतोदः:
कर्तृ/उपपद-विशेषण
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतोद (प्रातिपदिक; प्र-तुद् ‘to prick/urge’ से ‘goad’)
Attribution
Rishi: As in AV 15.2 catalogue tradition (variable).
Devata: Mātariśvan, Pavamāna, and Vāta (as guiding power).
Chandas: Catalogue-style, semi-metrical.
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From the risk of being borne ‘wrongly’ to confident command and steering.","listener_experience":"Firming of posture and breath; sense of taking the reins of one’s life-course.","intensity":6}