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Mantra 23

Sukta 4

य एवं विदुषेऽदत्त्वाथान्येभ्यो ददद् वशाम्। दुर्गा तस्मा अधिष्ठाने पृथिवी सहदेवता

yá eváṁ vidúṣe ’dáttvā́ ’thā́nyébhyo dádad vaśā́m | durgā́ tásmā adhiṣṭhā́ne pṛthivī́ sahádevatā́ ||

Whoso, though knowing thus, hath not bestowed (the vāśā) upon the wise, but giveth the barren cow unto others—perilous for him, in his very station, is Earth, with the Gods for her confederates.

यःwho (he who)
यः:
कर्तृ (सम्बन्धवाक्ये) / विषयः
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → य
एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
विशेषण-अव्यय (प्रकार/रीति)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
विदुषेto the knower, to the learned one
विदुषे:
सम्प्रदान (recipient)
TypeNoun (participle used substantively)
Rootविद्वस् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √विद् ‘to know’)
अदत्त्वाnot having given
अदत्त्वा:
क्रियाविशेषण (पूर्वकर्म)
TypeVerb (gerund)
Root√दा (दाने) + नकार-प्रत्यय (अ-), क्त्वा
अथthen, and then
अथ:
सम्बन्ध/अनन्तर्य (connective)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
अन्येभ्यःto others
अन्येभ्यः:
सम्प्रदान (to others)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
ददत्giving
ददत्:
कर्तृ (मुख्यक्रियायाः कर्ता)
TypeVerb (present participle)
Root√दा (दाने), शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
वशाम्a cow (vashā; a kind of cow)
वशाम्:
कर्म (what is given)
TypeNoun
Rootवशा (प्रातिपदिक)
दुर्गाhard to pass, difficult (perilous)
दुर्गा:
विशेषण/विधेय (of पृथिवी) अथवा नाम
TypeAdjective (predicative) / Noun
Rootदुर्ग (प्रातिपदिक) / दुर्गा (स्त्री-प्रातिपदिक)
तस्मैto him
तस्मै:
सम्प्रदान (to him)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अधिष्ठानेin/at the seat, in the abode
अधिष्ठाने:
अधिकरण (location/seat)
TypeNoun
Rootअधिष्ठान (प्रातिपदिक)
पृथिवीthe Earth
पृथिवी:
कर्तृ/विषयः (वाक्यस्य विषयः)
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
सहदेवताhaving the gods along with her / accompanied by deities
सहदेवता:
विशेषण (of पृथिवी)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootसह-देवता (समास; देवता-प्रातिपदिक)

Rishi: Traditionally connected with Nārada and the Atharvanic seer-complex of Book 12 (earth/dharma materials).

Devata: Pṛthivī (Earth), with ‘the Gods’ as co-agents (sahadevatā).

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (predominant in didactic/ethical Atharvanic verses; exact metrical scan may show minor Atharvanic irregularity).

{"primary_rasa":"bhayankara","secondary_rasa":"raudra","emotional_arc":"From moral clarity (‘knowing thus’) to fear-inducing consequence (Earth becomes perilous).","listener_experience":"A sober warning; deterrent fear that steers toward correct action.","intensity":7}