Mantra 4

Sukta 30

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

येषां प्रयाजा उत वानुयाजा हुतभागा अहुतादश्च देवाः । येषां वः पञ्च प्रदिशो विभक्तास्तान् वो अस्मै सत्रसदः कृणोमि

IAST Transliteration

yéṣā́m prayājā́ utá vā́nuyājā́ hutábhāgā ahutā́dāś ca devā́ḥ | yéṣā́m vaḥ páñca pradíśo víbhaktās tā́n vo asmái satrasádaḥ kṛṇomi ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Whose fore-offerings, yea whose after-offerings, the Gods possess—having their portion in what is offered, and feeding even on what is unoffered; whose five regions are to you distributed: those Gods, O session-seated, I here establish for this man.

Word by Word

• येषाम्: of whom / whose
• येषाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of whom/whose’
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → य-

• प्रयाजाः: the preliminary offerings (prayājas)
• प्रयाजाः: कर्तृ/विषय (सम्बन्धित-समुच्चयः) — ‘their prayājas are…’
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रयाज (प्रातिपदिक)

• उत: and / also
• उत: समुच्चय/विकल्प-सूचक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• वा: or
• वा: विकल्प-सूचक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• अनुयाजाः: the subsequent offerings (anuyājas)
• अनुयाजाः: कर्तृ/विषय (सम्बन्धित-समुच्चयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुयाज (प्रातिपदिक)

• हुतभागाः: having an offered share / receiving oblations
• हुतभागाः: विशेषणम् (देवाः) / विधेय-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: हुत-भाग (कृदन्त-समास; √हु ‘to offer’ + भाग)

• अहुतादश्च: and not eating (only) what is offered / not dependent on oblation
• अहुतादश्च: विशेषणम् (देवाः) + समुच्चय
• Type: Adjective + Indeclinable
• Root: अ-हुत-आद (कृदन्त-समास; नञ् + हुत + आद ‘eater/receiver’) + च

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: कर्तृ/विषय (वर्ण्याः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• येषाम्: of whom / whose
• येषाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → य-

• वः: of you / for you
• वः: सम्बन्ध/सम्प्रदान (प्रसङ्गानुसार) — ‘of you/for you’
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पञ्च: five
• पञ्च: विशेषणम् (प्रदिशः)
• Type: Numeral
• Root: पञ्चन् (संख्या)

• प्रदिशः: directions / quarters
• प्रदिशः: कर्तृ/विषय (विभक्ताः इति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रदिश् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘direction/quarter’)

• विभक्ताः: divided / apportioned
• विभक्ताः: विधेय-विशेषणम् (प्रदिशः)
• Type: Participle (past passive)
• Root: वि-√भज् (धातु) → विभक्त (कृदन्त; क्त)

• तान्: those / them
• तान्: कर्म (कृणोमि) — ‘them’
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वः: for you
• वः: सम्प्रदान (कृणोमि) — ‘for you’
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मै: for this (one)
• अस्मै: सम्प्रदान — ‘for this (one)’
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → अ-

• सत्रसदः: session-attendants / participants in the sacrificial session
• सत्रसदः: कर्म (कृणोमि) — ‘as satrasadas’
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: सत्र-सद् (समास; सत्र ‘session/rite’ + सद् ‘sitting/attending’)

• कृणोमि: I make / I appoint
• कृणोमि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (करणे)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic/anonymous (as typical for many AV protective formulae; specific attribution depends on Anukramaṇī tradition for AV 1.30)

Devata: Viśve Devāḥ / directional divine powers (gods entitled to offerings; guardians of the five regions)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like cadence (AV often preserves mixed/irregular meters; confirm against pada-count in critical edition)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From acknowledging complex divine economy → to calm establishment of guardianship.","listener_experience":"Ritual certainty; sense that space is properly ‘set’ and safe.","intensity":4}