Sutra 34

Devanagari script

कोशमूलो हि दुर्गसंस्कारो दुर्गरक्षणं जनपदमित्रामित्रनिग्रहो देशान्तरितानामुत्साहनं दण्डबलव्यवहारश्च ॥ कZ_०८.१.३४ ॥

Transliteration

kośamūlo hi durgasaṃskāro durgarakṣaṇaṃ janapadamitrāmitranigraho deśāntaritānāmutsāhanaṃ daṇḍabalavyavahāraśca

Translation

For the treasury is the root of: building and provisioning forts, guarding forts, controlling the countryside, restraining friends and enemies, sustaining those stationed away from home, and the practical employment of coercive force (army/punishment).

Word by Word

• कोश-मूलः: having the treasury as the foundation / rooted in the treasury
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: कोश; मूल
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; समासः—कोशस्य मूलम् (आधारः)

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Particle
• Root: हि
• Form: निपातः; हेतौ/निश्चये

• दुर्ग-संस्कारः: preparation/fortification of the fort
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: दुर्ग; संस्कार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; दुर्गस्य संस्कारः (निर्माण-परिष्कार-व्यवस्था)

• दुर्ग-रक्षणम्: protection/defence of the fort
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: दुर्ग; रक्षण
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; दुर्गस्य रक्षणम्

• जनपद-मित्र-अमित्र-निग्रहः: control/containment of the countryside, allies, and enemies
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: जनपद; मित्र; अमित्र; निग्रह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; जनपदस्य मित्रस्य अमित्रस्य च निग्रहः (नियमन/दमन)

• देश-अन्तरितानाम्: of those who are in another region / far away
• Type: Noun/Adjective (compound)
• Root: देश; अन्तरित
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचन; ‘देशेन अन्तरित’ = देशान्तरित (देशान्तर-गत/विप्रकृष्ट-देशस्थित) — तेषाम्

• उत्साहनम्: encouragement, stimulation
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्साहन
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; भाववाचक

• दण्ड-बल-व्यवहारः: application/administration of punishment and military force
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: दण्ड; बल; व्यवहार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; दण्डस्य बलस्य च व्यवहारः (प्रयोग/प्रशासन)

• च: and
• Type: Conjunction
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• kośa
• durga
• janapada
• mitra
• amitra
• daṇḍa
• bala

More Details

FAQs

What modern concept does 8.1.34 resemble?

A fiscal-military state logic: revenue capacity underwrites defense infrastructure, force projection, and political control.