Sutra 5
सम्भूय समुत्थानम् विक्रीतक्रीतानुशयः दत्तस्य अनपाकर्म अस्वामिविक्रयः स्वस्वामिसम्बन्धः साहसम् वाक्पारुष्यम् दण्डपारुष्यम् द्यूतसमाह्वयम् प्रकीर्णकं इति धर्मस्थीयं तृतीयमधिकरणम् ॥ कZ_०१.१.०५ब् ॥
sambhūya samutthānam vikrītakrītānuśayaḥ dattasya anapākarma asvāmivikrayaḥ svasvāmisambandhaḥ sāhasam vākpāruṣyam daṇḍapāruṣyam dyūtasamāhvayam prakīrṇakaṃ iti dharmasthīyaṃ tṛtīyam adhikaraṇam.
‘Joint enterprise; rescission or dispute regarding what is sold or purchased; non-restitution of what has been given; sale by a non-owner; disputes concerning ownership and master–servant relations; violent acts; verbal abuse; physical assault; gambling and betting; and miscellaneous matters’—these constitute the third legal heading within the Dharmasthīya (civil and judicial) section.
FAQs
To define the state’s judicial scope by enumerating actionable legal categories, enabling predictable adjudication of contracts, property, labor relations, and public-order offenses—thereby protecting economic activity and social stability.
It parallels modern legal codification: clear topic-headings for courts and regulators (contracts, consumer/sale disputes, restitution, title fraud, employment relations, assault, and gambling control) reduce uncertainty, deter wrongdoing, and improve compliance and market confidence.
No single official is named here; the implied duty of the king’s judicial apparatus (courts/judges) is to classify disputes under recognized legal heads and adjudicate them consistently to secure property rights, enforce transactions, and maintain public order.