Sutra 3
Devanagari script
फल्गुद्रव्यकर्मान्तेभ्यः फल्गु द्रव्यमुपस्करं वा पूर्वः साहसदण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.९.०३ ॥
Transliteration
phalgudravyakarmāntebhyaḥ phalgu dravyam upaskaraṃ vā pūrvaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ
Translation
For one who steals low-value materials or equipment from workshops dealing in low-value goods, the penalty is the first (lowest) sāhasa fine.
Word by Word
फल्गु-द्रव्य-कर्मान्तेभ्यःfrom (cases involving) trifling property and workshops/industrial establishments (i.e., trifling matters connected with goods or workshops)
फल्गु-द्रव्य-कर्मान्तेभ्यः:
TypeNoun
Rootफल्गु/द्रव्य/कर्मान्त
Formबहुवचनम्, पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः (ablative plural); compound in ablative plural: फल्गु (adj. ‘trifling’) qualifying each member; द्रव्य (n. ‘property/thing’), कर्मान्त (m. ‘workshop/industrial establishment; place of manufacture’)
फल्गुtrifling; of small value
फल्गु:
TypeAdjective
Rootफल्गु
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; used predicatively with द्रव्यम्/उपस्करम्
द्रव्यम्property; goods; substance
द्रव्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootद्रव्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्
उपस्करम्equipment; implements; tools
उपस्करम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउपस्कर
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; coordinated with द्रव्यम् by वा
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्ययम्; disjunctive ‘or’
पूर्वःthe first; the lowest (grade)
पूर्वः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा एकवचनम्; qualifies साहसदण्डः (‘the first/lowest grade’)
साहस-दण्डःthe sāhasa-penalty (fine for forcible/violent offence)
साहस-दण्डः:
TypeNoun
Rootसाहस/दण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा एकवचनम्; साहसस्य दण्डः = penalty for ‘sāhasa’ (violent/forcible offence)
Entities Mentioned
K
karmāntaU
upaskaraS
sāhasa-daṇḍaFAQs
Proportionality: lower-value theft attracts a lower graded penalty rather than automatic capital punishment.
Because tools are critical to continuous production; protecting them is an administrative priority even when individually low-value.