Sutra 11

Devanagari script

प्रसह्य दिवा रात्रौ वा सशस्त्रस्यापहरतश्चतुर्भागमूल्येषु एत एव द्विगुणा दण्डाः ॥ कZ_०४.९.११ ॥

Transliteration

prasahya divā rātrau vā saśastrasyāpaharataścaturbhāgamūlyeṣu eta eva dviguṇā daṇḍāḥ

Translation

For one who seizes property by force—whether by day or by night—or who steals while armed, the fines prescribed for theft valued at one-fourth (of the standard value-brackets) shall be doubled.

Word by Word

• प्रसह्य: forcibly, by force
• Type: Gerund (Absolutive)
• Root: सह् (सहते) + प्र
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-भाव); अर्थः—बलात् कृत्वा

• दिवा: by day
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दिव्/दिवा (indecl.)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय

• रात्रौ: at night
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (कालाधिकरणे)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक निपात

• सशस्त्रस्य: of an armed (person/offender)
• Type: Noun (with prefix)
• Root: शस्त्र
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘सशस्त्र’ = शस्त्रयुक्तः (armed)

• अपहरतः: of one who is stealing/robbing
• Type: Participle
• Root: अप-हृ (हरति)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘अपहरत्’ = अपहरणं कुर्वन् (one who steals/abducts)

• चतुर्भागमूल्येषु: in cases where the value is (in the bracket of) a quarter-share value
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूल्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी बहुवचन; ‘चतुर्भाग-मूल्य’ = मूल्यस्य चतुर्थांश-परिमाणे (in values equal to a quarter-share)

• एते: these (penalties)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Particle
• Root: एव
• Form: अवधारणार्थक निपात

• द्विगुणाः: doubled
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि + गुण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘द्विगुण’ = द्वौ गुणौ यस्य/यत् (double)

• दण्डाः: penalties/fines
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन

Entities Mentioned

• armed offender
• robber/thief

More Details

FAQs

What circumstance increases the penalty in this sutra?

Use of force, commission by day or night, and being armed—each treated as aggravating, triggering a doubled fine.