Sutra 21

Devanagari script

अकामायाः शत्यो दण्ड आत्मरागार्थं शुल्कदानं च ॥ कZ_०४.१२.२१ ॥

Transliteration

akāmāyāḥ śatyo daṇḍa ātmarāgārthaṃ śulkadānaṃ ca

Translation

When she is unwilling (non-consenting), the fine is one hundred paṇas; and he must also pay the bride-price as a means of securing her acceptance/attachment (ātmarāga).

Word by Word

• अकामायाः: of an unwilling woman / of a woman without consent
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अकाम
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम् (स्त्रीलिङ्ग); ‘अकामा’ (कामरहित/अनिच्छुक) इत्यस्य षष्ठी

• शत्यम्: a hundred (as the fine amount)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (numeral)
• Root: शत
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचनम्; दण्डस्य परिमाणवाचकं (शतं)

• दण्डः: the fine/punishment
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; विधेय/वाक्यस्य मुख्यपदम्

• आत्मरागार्थम्: for one’s own passion/infatuation (i.e., for personal lust)
• Type: Noun (compound, adverbial use)
• Root: आत्मन् + राग + अर्थ
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचनम्; ‘आत्मरागस्य अर्थम्’ = स्वेच्छारागहेतोः/स्वरागनिमित्तम्

• शुल्कदानम्: payment of a fee/levy (as a penalty)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: शुल्क + दान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचनम्; ‘शुल्कस्य दानम्’

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• non-consenting woman
• offender
• state

More Details

FAQs

How does 4.12.21 treat non-consent compared to 4.12.20?

It increases the fine (to 100 paṇas) and adds compulsory bride-price payment, reflecting higher perceived harm and the need for enforced remedy.

What is the administrative logic of ‘śulka-dāna’ here?

It forces material accountability and aims to regularize the social consequences by imposing a compensatory/settlement payment.