Sutra 62

Devanagari script

कुशीलवैश्चारणा भिक्षुकाश्च व्याख्याताः ॥ कZ_०४.१.६२ ॥

Transliteration

kuśīlavaiścāraṇā bhikṣukāśca vyākhyātāḥ

Translation

The kuśīlavas (performers), cāraṇas (bards), and bhikṣukas (mendicants) have been defined/treated (here).

Word by Word

• कुशीलवैश्चारणाḥ: minstrels/performers and bards/panegyrists
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुशीलव; चारण
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (पुंलिङ्गः); द्वन्द्व-समासः (कुशीलव + चारण)

• भिक्षुकाः: mendicants/beggars
• Type: Noun
• Root: भिक्षुक
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्; पुंलिङ्गः

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्

• व्याख्याताः: have been explained/defined (earlier)
• Type: Verb (PPP)
• Root: वि + आ + ख्या
• Form: कृदन्तः—क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः (भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत्); प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्; पुंलिङ्गः; (अत्र) ‘पूर्वसूत्रेषु निरूपिताः/वर्णिताः’ इत्यर्थे

Entities Mentioned

• kuśīlava
• cāraṇa
• bhikṣuka

More Details

FAQs

Why does Kautilya classify these groups explicitly?

Classification enables tailored rules, surveillance, and penalties for high-mobility occupations that can be used for fraud, extortion, or intelligence-gathering.