Sutra 9
Devanagari script
ध्रुवं हि साक्षिभिः श्रोतव्यम् ॥ कZ_०३.११.४८ ॥
Transliteration
dhruvaṃ hi sākṣibhiḥ śrotavyam
Translation
Witnesses must be heard with certainty and decisiveness (i.e., their testimony must be properly taken and fixed).
Word by Word
ध्रुवम्certainly; definitely; as a fixed rule
ध्रुवम्:
TypeAdjective (used adverbially)
Rootध्रुव
Formप्रातिपदिकम् ध्रुव; नपुंसकलिङ्गे एकवचनम् द्वितीया (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण ‘निश्चयेन/अवश्यम्’ इत्यर्थे)
हिindeed; for; certainly (emphatic particle)
हि:
TypeParticle
Rootहि
Formनिपातः; हेतौ/समर्थने/निश्चयार्थे
साक्षिभिःby witnesses; through witnesses
साक्षिभिः:
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया बहुवचनम् (करणम्)
श्रोतव्यम्must be heard; should be listened to / examined
श्रोतव्यम्:
TypeVerbal derivative (Gerundive / Potential passive participle)
Rootश्रु
Formकृदन्तम् (तव्यत्-प्रत्ययः); नपुंसकलिङ्गे एकवचनम् प्रथमा; भावे/कर्मणि प्रयोगः—‘श्रवणीयम्/श्रोतुम् अर्हति’
Entities Mentioned
S
sākṣi (witnesses)FAQs
That testimony should be taken in a firm, definite, properly fixed manner—reducing ambiguity and later dispute.