Sutra 34
Devanagari script
ब्राह्मणोदकुम्भाग्निसकाशे साक्षिणः परिगृह्णीयात् ॥ कZ_०३.११.३४ ॥
Transliteration
brāhmaṇodakumbhāgnisakāśe sākṣiṇaḥ parigṛhṇīyāt
Translation
Witnesses should be received (and sworn) in the presence of a Brāhmaṇa, a water-jar, and fire.
Word by Word
ब्राह्मणa Brahmin (a respected/authoritative person for the act)
ब्राह्मण:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/सप्तमी एकवचन (सन्दर्भानुसार—सप्तमी अधिक युक्ता: ‘ब्राह्मणे’ इत्यर्थे)
उदकुम्भa water-pot (ritual vessel of water)
उदकुम्भ:
TypeNoun
Rootउदकुम्भ
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/सप्तमी एकवचन (सन्दर्भानुसार—सप्तमी: ‘उदकुम्भे’ इत्यर्थे)
अग्निfire (sacred fire)
अग्नि:
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/सप्तमी एकवचन (सन्दर्भानुसार—सप्तमी: ‘अग्नौ’ इत्यर्थे)
सकाशेin the presence of; near
सकाशे:
TypeNoun
Rootसकाश
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन; अव्ययीभावार्थे ‘समीपे/अन्तिके’
साक्षिणःwitnesses
साक्षिणः:
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन (साक्षिणः = साक्षिणान्)
परिगृह्णीयात्should accept/receive (formally take)
परिगृह्णीयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह् (परि-ग्रह्)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन; वर्तमानकालः; ‘परिगृह्णीयात्’ = ‘should take/receive/accept’
Entities Mentioned
B
Brāhmaṇa officiantF
fire (agni)FAQs
It increases perceived moral and social cost of lying, strengthening compliance where forensic verification is limited.