Sutra 32
Devanagari script
स्वामिनो भृत्यानामृत्विगाचार्याः शिष्याणां मातापितरौ पुत्राणां चानिग्रहेण साक्ष्यं कुर्युः तेसामितरे वा ॥ कZ_०३.११.३२ ॥
Transliteration
svāmino bhṛtyānām ṛtvigācāryāḥ śiṣyāṇāṃ mātāpitarau putrāṇāṃ cānigraheṇa sākṣyaṃ kuryuḥ tesām itare vā
Translation
Masters may testify regarding their servants; priests and teachers regarding their pupils; and parents regarding their sons—provided the testimony is given without coercion; otherwise, other witnesses should be used.
Word by Word
स्वामिनःof masters/owners (i.e., masters’/employers’)
स्वामिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वामिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन (सम्बन्धे)
भृत्यानाम्of servants/employees
भृत्यानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन
ऋत्विगाचार्याःpriests and teachers
ऋत्विगाचार्याः:
TypeNoun
Rootऋत्विज् + आचार्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन
शिष्याणाम्of pupils/students
शिष्याणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन
माताmother
माता:
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन
पितरौ(and) father (the two parents)
पितरौ:
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा द्विवचन
पुत्राणाम्of sons/children
पुत्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
अनिग्रहेणwithout restraint/coercion; without pressure
अनिग्रहेण:
TypeNoun
Rootअनिग्रह
Formपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया एकवचन (करण/हेतु)
साक्ष्यम्testimony/evidence
साक्ष्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्ष्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (कर्म)
कुर्युःshould give/should make (i.e., should testify)
कुर्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन
तेषाम्of them/their
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formषष्ठी बहुवचन
इतरेothers (different persons)
इतरे:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootइतर
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
Entities Mentioned
M
masters/employersP
priests/teachersP
parents/sonsFAQs
Testimony is acceptable only when free from coercion; if coercion is likely, the court should rely on independent witnesses.