Sutra 39
Devanagari script
चाररात्रिषु प्रच्छन्नविपरीतवेषाः प्रव्रजिता दण्डशस्त्रहस्ताश्च मनुष्या दोषतो दण्ड्याः ॥ कZ_०२.३६.३९ ॥
Transliteration
cārarātriṣu pracchannaviparītaveṣāḥ pravrajitā daṇḍaśastrahastāś ca manuṣyā doṣato daṇḍyāḥ.
Translation
On nights of heightened surveillance/patrol (cāra-rātriṣu), persons in concealed or deceptive disguise, wandering mendicants, and those carrying staffs or weapons are punishable according to the gravity of their conduct.
Word by Word
चाररात्रिषुduring the four-night period(s)
चाररात्रिषु:
TypeNoun
Rootचाररात्रि
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-बहुवचन; (चार-रात्रि) ‘चाररात्रि’ इति समासान्त-प्रातिपदिकम्
प्रच्छन्नविपरीतवेषाः(persons) with concealed and deceptive disguises
प्रच्छन्नविपरीतवेषाः:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootप्रच्छन्न-विपरीत-वेष
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; (प्रच्छन्नः + विपरीतः + वेषः) — ‘having a concealed/false disguise’
प्रव्रजिताःrenunciants / wandering mendicants
प्रव्रजिताः:
TypeParticiple (verbal adjective)
Rootप्र-√व्रज्
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; ‘gone forth/renunciants’ (प्रव्रजित-शब्दः)
दण्डशस्त्रहस्ताः(persons) holding a staff and weapons
दण्डशस्त्रहस्ताः:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootदण्ड-शस्त्र-हस्त
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; (दण्ड + शस्त्र + हस्त) ‘having hands (holding) staff and weapon’
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय
मनुष्याःpeople / persons
मनुष्याः:
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन
दोषतःon account of (their) offence / as guilty
दोषतः:
TypeNoun (adverbial ablative)
Rootदोष
Formपुंलिङ्ग; पञ्चमी-एकवचन; अव्ययीभावार्थे ‘दोषतः’ = ‘दोषकारणात्/दोषवशात्’
दण्ड्याःare to be punished / punishable
दण्ड्याः:
TypeAdjective (gerundive; to be punished)
Rootदण्ड्य
Formकृत्य-प्रत्यय (यत्/ण्यत्-भाव); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; ‘punishable’
Entities Mentioned
S
spies/patrol system (cāra)M
mendicants/ascetics (pravrajita)FAQs
The text targets concealment/deceptive disguise and armed roaming under heightened security; punishment is calibrated to the proven misconduct (doṣataḥ).
Preventive security during high-risk windows, focusing on indicators (disguise, arms, suspicious movement) rather than waiting for harm.