Sutra 28

Devanagari script

पण्यस्थानोदकस्थानदेवगृहराजपरिग्रहेषु पणोत्तरा विष्टादण्डाः मूत्रेष्वर्धदण्डाः ॥ कZ_०२.३६.२८ ॥

Transliteration

paṇyasthānodakasthānadevagṛharājaparigraheṣu paṇottarā viṣṭādaṇḍāḥ mūtreṣv ardha-daṇḍāḥ

Translation

In marketplaces, water-places, temples, and royal premises: for excrement (defilement) the fine is ‘a pana plus’ (paṇottara); for urination, half that penalty.

Word by Word

• पण्यस्थान: market-place / place of trade
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्य + स्थान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/सप्तमी बहुवचन (समासपद; -एषु इत्यनेन सप्तमीबहुवचनार्थे)

• उदकस्थान: water-place (tank/ghat/water-source area)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदक + स्थान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/सप्तमी बहुवचन (समासपद; -एषु इत्यनेन सप्तमीबहुवचनार्थे)

• देवगृह: temple
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव + गृह
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/सप्तमी बहुवचन (समासपद; -एषु इत्यनेन सप्तमीबहुवचनार्थे)

• राजपरिग्रह: royal precinct / royal property
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् + परिग्रह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/सप्तमी बहुवचन (समासपद; -एषु इत्यनेन सप्तमीबहुवचनार्थे)

• एषु: in these (places)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी बहुवचन

• पण-उत्तरा: with an additional pana (pana-plus)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पण + उत्तर
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘विष्टा-दण्डाः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• विष्टा-दण्डाः: penalties of forced labour (as punishment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्टा + दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; दण्ड-प्रकारः

• मूत्रेषु: in cases of urination (urinating)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूत्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी बहुवचन

• अर्ध-दण्डाः: half-penalties / half the fine (as applicable)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्ध + दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘विष्टादण्डाः’ इत्यस्य अनुवृत्त्या दण्ड-प्रकारः

Entities Mentioned

• marketplace
• water source/ghat
• temple
• royal premises
• offenders

More Details

FAQs

Why are marketplaces, water sites, temples, and royal premises singled out?

They are high-density and high-sensitivity spaces: economic hubs, public health nodes, sacred legitimacy sites, and state property—each requiring higher protection from defilement.

Why is urination punished less than excrement?

The code scales penalties to relative contamination and social offensiveness, while still treating both as enforceable nuisances.