Sutra 38

Devanagari script

यूथवृषं वृषेणावपातयतः पूर्वः साहसदण्डः घातयत उत्तमः ॥ कZ_०२.२९.३८ ॥

Transliteration

yūthavṛṣaṃ vṛṣeṇāvapātayataḥ pūrvaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ ghātayata uttamaḥ

Translation

If one causes the herd-bull to be brought down by another bull, the first-grade fine for violence applies; if one kills it, the highest fine applies.

Word by Word

• यूथवृषम्: the herd-bull (leader bull of a herd)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यूथवृष
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; (यूथस्य वृषः) ‘herd-bull’

• वृषेण: by/with a bull
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया एकवचन

• अवपातयतः: (two persons) cause to fall / knock down
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव√पत् (caus.)
• Form: लट्; परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; द्विवचन; causative (णिच्) — ‘they cause to fall/knock down’

• पूर्वः: the former / the lower (grade)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषणम् (साहसदण्डस्य)

• साहसदण्डः: the penalty for assault/violence (sāhasa-fine)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साहसदण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; (साहसस्य दण्डः)

• घातयतः: (two persons) cause to be killed / have (it) killed
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् (caus. घातयति)
• Form: लट्; परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; द्विवचन; causative (णिच्) — ‘they cause to be killed/strike’

• उत्तमः: the highest / the severest (grade)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषणम् (साहसदण्डस्य)

Entities Mentioned

• herd bull (yūthavṛṣa)
• bull

More Details

FAQs

Why are penalties graded here (injury vs killing)?

Because the economic harm scales from temporary loss of function to permanent loss of breeding capacity and herd productivity; the sanction tracks expected damage.