Sutra 23

Devanagari script

समव्यूढतीर्थमकर्दमग्राहमुदकमवतारयेयुः पालयेयुश्च ॥ कZ_०२.२९.२३ ॥

Transliteration

samavyūḍhatīrthamakardamagrāhamudakamavatārayeyuḥ pālayeyuśca

Translation

They shall lead (the cattle) down to water at a well-formed ford—free of mud and crocodiles—and they shall guard it as well.

Word by Word

• समव्यूढतीर्थम्: (a water-body) having well-arranged/secured landing-places (ghats)
• Type: Noun (compound adjective used substantively)
• Root: सम्+वि+ऊह् (व्यूह्) / तीर्थ
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; समव्यूढ (कृदन्त, भूतकर्मणि/कृत) + तीर्थ (न.)

• अकर्दमम्: free from mud; not muddy
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्दम
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; नञ्-तत्पुरुष (अ- + कर्दम)

• अग्राहम्: free from crocodiles/aquatic dangers
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ग्राह
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; नञ्-तत्पुरुष (अ- + ग्राह)

• उदकम्: water
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• अवतारयेयुः: they should bring down/lead (the water) (for use)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव+तॄ (तारयति)
• Form: लिङ् (विधिलिङ्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; causative sense ‘to cause to descend/bring down’

• पालयेयुः: and they should protect/maintain (it)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पाल्
• Form: लिङ् (विधिलिङ्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• ford/landing (tīrtha)
• mud (kardama)
• crocodiles (grāha)
• water access (udaka)

More Details

FAQs

Why specify ‘mud-free’ and ‘crocodile-free’ watering points?

To reduce injury, drowning, disease, and panic losses—directly protecting state livestock capital.

What does ‘pālayeyuḥ’ add beyond access?

It makes the watering point a guarded asset, not merely a natural resource—implying assigned responsibility.