Sutra 13

Devanagari script

अकामायाः कुमार्या वा साहसे उत्तमो दण्डः सकामायाः पूर्वः साहसदण्डः ॥ कZ_०२.२७.१३ ॥

Transliteration

akāmāyāḥ kumāryā vā sāhase uttamo daṇḍaḥ sakāmāyāḥ pūrvaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ

Translation

In a sexual assault against an unwilling woman or a maiden, the highest assault-penalty applies; if she is consenting, the first (lowest grade) assault-penalty applies.

Word by Word

• अकामायाः: of an unwilling (girl/woman)
• Type: Noun (Adjective used substantively)
• Root: अकाम
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-एकवचन (gen. sg.); विशेषणम्—(कुमार्या इति)

• कुमार्याः: of a maiden / unmarried girl
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमारी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-एकवचन (gen. sg.)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्

• साहसे: in the case of violence/assault (sāhasa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साहस
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-एकवचन (loc. sg.); विषय-सप्तमी

• उत्तमः: the highest
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (nom. sg.); दण्डः इति विशेषणम्

• दण्डः: punishment / penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (nom. sg.); कर्तृ/विधेय-शब्दः

• सकामायाः: of a willing (girl/woman)
• Type: Noun (Adjective used substantively)
• Root: सकाम
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-एकवचन (gen. sg.); विशेषणम्—(कुमार्या इति)

• पूर्वः: the first (i.e., lower grade)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (nom. sg.); साहसदण्डः इति विशेषणम्

• साहसदण्डः: the assault-penalty / penalty for violence
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (nom. sg.)

Entities Mentioned

• victim (woman/maiden)
• offender
• state court (implied)

More Details

FAQs

How does 2.27.13 operationalize consent in punishment?

It makes non-consent the trigger for maximum punishment, while treating consensual participation as a mitigating factor within the assault-penalty framework.