क्षेपणः काचार्पणादीनि ॥ कZ_०२.१३.३८ ॥
kṣepaṇaḥ kācārpaṇādīni
“Kṣepaṇa” consists of practices such as the insertion/addition of glass (and similar substitutions).
Material substitution or dilution—adding cheaper material (e.g., glass) to imitate higher-value goods.