क्षेपणो गुणः क्षुद्रकमिति कर्माणि ॥ कZ_०२.१३.३७ ॥
kṣepaṇo guṇaḥ kṣudrakam iti karmāṇi
The (defective/deceptive) operations are termed: “kṣepaṇa”, “guṇa”, and “kṣudraka”.
A fixed taxonomy allows consistent inspection, evidence-based penalties, and standardized reporting across workshops.