Sutra 39

Devanagari script

स्वसैन्यव्यायामयोग्यं परस्यायोग्यं वर्षति यायात् ॥ कZ_०९.१.३९ ॥

Transliteration

sva-sainya-vyāyāma-yogyaṃ parasya ayogyaṃ varṣati yāyāt

Translation

He should march in the rains when his own troops are fit for exertion but the enemy’s are not.

Word by Word

• स्वसैन्यव्यायामयोग्यम्: fit/suitable for the exercise (training) of one’s own army
• Type: Adjective
• Root: योग्य (युज्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (यायात् इत्यस्य कर्म/विधेयविशेषणरूपेण)

• परस्य: of the enemy/other side
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पर
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, षष्ठी; ‘शत्रोः/अन्यस्य’ इत्यर्थे

• अयोग्यम्: unfit/unsuitable
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अयोग्य (युज्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (यायात् इत्यस्य कर्म/विधेयविशेषणरूपेण)

• वर्षति: it rains / there is rainfall
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृष् (वर्षति)
• Form: लट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘वर्षा भवति’

• यायात्: he should march / set out (on expedition)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (याति)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आज्ञा/विधिः—‘गच्छेत्/प्रयायात्’

Entities Mentioned

• own army
• enemy army
• rainy season (varṣā)

More Details

FAQs

What decision rule is implied for campaigning in the rains?

Campaign in adverse seasons only if the adverse effects are asymmetric—your preparedness converts a general constraint into a relative advantage.