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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 91

Devanagari script

ब्रह्मोवाच । यैर्विना न भवेच्छ्राद्धं ममापि सुरसत्तम । विश्वेदेवास्त्वया तेऽद्य श्राद्धबाह्या विनिर्मिताः

Transliteration

brahmovāca | yairvinā na bhavecchrāddhaṃ mamāpi surasattama | viśvedevāstvayā te'dya śrāddhabāhyā vinirmitāḥ

Translation

Brahmā sprach: „O Bester unter den Göttern, ohne sie kann selbst mein eigenes Śrāddha nicht vollzogen werden; und doch hast du heute eben jene Viśvedevas außerhalb des Śrāddha stehen lassen (von ihm ausgeschlossen).“

Word by Word
ब्रह्मBrahmā
ब्रह्म:
कर्ता (Speaker/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
क्रिया (Speech act)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
यैःby whom/with whom
यैः:
करण (Instrument/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (relative), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)
विनाwithout
विना:
सम्बन्ध (Exclusion)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना (अव्यय)
Formउपसर्गार्थक-अव्यय/पूर्वपद-निषेध (preposition-like indeclinable) अर्थः ‘without’
नnot
न:
सम्बन्ध (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात (negation particle)
भवेत्would be/should occur
भवेत्:
क्रिया (Potential existence)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
श्राद्धम्śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
कर्ता (Subject of भवेत्)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
ममof me/my
मम:
सम्बन्ध (Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन
अपिeven/also
अपि:
सम्बन्ध (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
सुरसत्तमO best of gods
सुरसत्तम:
सम्बोधन (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootसुर (प्रातिपदिक) + सत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (determinative: ‘सुराणां सत्तमः’), पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन
विश्वेदेवाःthe Viśvedevas
विश्वेदेवाः:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वे (प्रातिपदिक) + देव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (name: ‘विश्वे देवाः’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
कर्ता (Agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन
तेthey
ते:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)
अद्यtoday/now
अद्य:
अधिकरण (Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
श्राद्धबाह्याःexcluded from śrāddha
श्राद्धबाह्याः:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + बाह्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (determinative: ‘श्राद्धात् बाह्याः’/‘श्राद्धस्य बाह्याः’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन; विशेषण (of ते/विश्वेदेवाः)
विनिर्मिताःmade/created (so as to be)
विनिर्मिताः:
क्रिया (Result state)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + निर् + मा (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)
Speaker

Brahmā

Tirtha Mahatmya

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: A deva addressed as 'surasattama' (best of gods)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Brahmā speaks with grave authority to a deva, pointing toward a śrāddha setting where Viśvedevas stand outside the ritual boundary—hands lowered, excluded—while the śrāddha space remains incomplete, signaling ritual rupture.

Characters & Entities
B
Brahmā
Ś
Śakra (Indra)
V
Viśvedevas
Ś
Śrāddha

FAQs

Ritual dharma has indispensable components; altering sacred procedure disrupts ancestral offerings and cosmic order.

The tīrtha setting is the narrative frame, but this verse chiefly teaches Śrāddha doctrine rather than naming the place.

Śrāddha requires the Viśvedevas; excluding them renders the rite improper or incomplete.

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