Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 39

Devanagari script

तथान्यैर्मर्त्यदो नाम गणैशस्तत्र यः स्थितः । येन स्वर्गाच्च्युता यांति न कदा नरकादिकम् । तिर्यक्त्वं वा कृमित्वं वा स्थावरत्वमथापि वा

Transliteration

tathānyairmartyado nāma gaṇaiśastatra yaḥ sthitaḥ | yena svargāccyutā yāṃti na kadā narakādikam | tiryaktvaṃ vā kṛmitvaṃ vā sthāvaratvamathāpi vā

Translation

Ebenso wurde dort von anderen Gaṇeśa unter dem Namen «Martyada» aufgestellt. Durch ihn gehen jene, die aus dem Himmel herabfallen, niemals in die Hölle oder Ähnliches—weder in Tiergeburt noch in Wurmsein, ja nicht einmal in den Zustand des Unbeweglichen.

Word by Word

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)

• anyaiḥ: by others
• anyaiḥ: Karana (Agent-instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन — Instrumental plural

• martyadaḥ: Martyada (giver of mortality / human-state)
• martyadaḥ: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: martyada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘martyaṃ dadāti’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular (name/epithet)

• nāma: named
• nāma: Sambandha (Naming marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: नाम-शब्दः निपातवत् (indeclinable used to mark naming)

• gaṇeśaḥ: lord of the gaṇas (Gaṇeśa)
• gaṇeśaḥ: Apposition/Predicate noun
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇeśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘gaṇānām īśaḥ’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Relative pronoun

• sthitaḥ: is situated
• sthitaḥ: Kriyā (predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √sthā (स्था; धातु) (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — ‘standing/being situated’

• yena: by whom
• yena: Karana (Instrument/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन — Instrumental singular

• svargāt: from heaven
• svargāt: Apādāna (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svarga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन — Ablative singular

• cyutāḥ: fallen (down)
• cyutāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √cyu (च्यु; धातु) (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural participle

• yānti: go
• yānti: Kriyā (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yā (या; धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात (negation particle)

• kadā: ever
• kadā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक प्रश्न/अनिश्चित-अव्यय (temporal adverb: ‘ever/at any time’)

• naraka-ādikam: hell and the like
• naraka-ādikam: Karma (Goal/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: naraka (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘narakaḥ ādiḥ yasya’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Accusative singular (goal)

• tiryaktvam: animal state
• tiryaktvam: Karma (Goal/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tiryak (प्रातिपदिक) + -tva (तद्धित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Abstract noun in -त्व

• vā: or
• vā: Vikalpa (Alternative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive particle)

• kṛmitvam: wormhood
• kṛmitvam: Karma (Goal/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛmi (प्रातिपदिक) + -tva (तद्धित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Abstract noun in -त्व

• vā: or
• vā: Vikalpa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

• sthāvaratvam: plant/immobile state
• sthāvaratvam: Karma (Goal/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sthāvara (प्रातिपदिक) + -tva (तद्धित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Abstract noun in -त्व

• atha: and/then
• atha: Samuccaya/Sequence
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तर/समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (particle: ‘and/then’)

• api: even/also
• api: Emphasis/Additive
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-निपात (also/even)

• vā: or
• vā: Vikalpa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

Speaker

Unspecified narrator (deduced: a Purāṇic narrator within Tīrthamāhātmya)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Martyada-Gaṇeśa (within Camatkārapura-kṣetra, implied)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Gaṇeśa as Martyada stands as a guardian; behind him symbolic scenes of avoided destinies—hell, animal birth, wormhood, and immobile existence—fade away, emphasizing protection from durgati.

Characters & Entities

• Gaṇeśa (Martyada)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Sacred worship is portrayed as a powerful safeguard against spiritual decline and painful rebirths.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The ‘there’ indicates a holy kṣetra within Nāgarakhaṇḍa’s Tīrthamāhātmya where Martyada Gaṇeśa abides; the place-name is not given in this excerpt.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Worship of Gaṇeśa in the Martyada form is implied to protect devotees from naraka and lower yonis.