Rig Veda 10.40.8: Mandala 10, Sukta 40, Mantra 8

Sukta 10.40

Devata: Aśvinau

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

युवं ह कृशं युवमश्विना शयुं युवं विधन्तं विधवामुरुष्यथः । युवं सनिभ्यः स्तनयन्तमश्विनाप व्रजमूर्णुथः सप्तास्यम् ॥

Transliteration

yuváṃ ha kṛśáṃ yuvám aśvinā śayúṃ yuváṃ vidhántaṃ vidhávām uruṣyathaḥ | yuváṃ saníbhyaḥ stanáyantam aśvinā́pa vrajám ūrṇuthaḥ saptā́syam ||

Translation

Ihr, o Aśvins, habt den Schwachen gestützt; ihr habt Śayu gestützt; ihr habt den Opfernden vor dem verzehrenden Witwentum bewahrt. Ihr, o Aśvins, habt den donnernden Verschluss für die Gewinnsuchenden aufgetan – den Siebenmündigen (die Entlassung vieler Kraftströme).

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Word by Word

• युवाम्: you two
• युवाम्: सम्बोधन/कर्तृ (contextually addressed to the Aśvins)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• ह: indeed, surely
• ह: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह

• कृशम्: the emaciated (one)
• कृशम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: कृश

• युवम्: you two
• युवम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• अश्विना: O Aśvins (you two horsemen)
• अश्विना: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (dual deity name)
• Root: अश्विन्

• शयुम्: the lying/afflicted one (a sufferer)
• शयुम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: शयु

• युवम्: you two
• युवम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• विधन्तम्: the one performing service/worship (bestowing/arranging)
• विधन्तम्: कर्म
• Type: Verb-derived participle
• Root: √धा (धा/धि) with vi-; present participle

• विधवाम्: of widows
• विधवाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधवा

• उरुष्यथः: you two protect/relieve
• उरुष्यथः: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: √उरुष् (uruṣ) / denominative ‘to make wide, to protect, to relieve’

• युवम्: you two
• युवम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• सनिभ्यः: from/for the needy (seekers of gain)
• सनिभ्यः: अपादान/सम्प्रदान (context-dependent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सनि

• स्तनयन्तम्: thundering, roaring
• स्तनयन्तम्: कर्म
• Type: Verb-derived participle
• Root: √स्तनय् (to thunder/roar)

• अश्विना: O Aśvins
• अश्विना: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (dual deity name)
• Root: अश्विन्

• अप: away, off; (with verb) open/uncover
• अप: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb) / particle
• Root: अप

• व्रजम्: enclosure, pen, stall
• व्रजम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रज

• ऊर्णुथः: you two open/uncover
• ऊर्णुथः: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (vṛ) with ud-/ā?; Vedic form ऊर्णु- ‘to open/uncover’

• सप्तास्यम्: the seven-mouthed (enclosure/cave)
• सप्तास्यम्: कर्म (apposition to व्रजम्) / विशेषण
• Type: Compound adjective (bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa) used substantively
• Root: सप्त + आस्य