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Shloka 8

विभीषणोपदेशः

Vibhishana’s Counsel to Ravana

अप्युपायैस्त्रिभिस्तातयोऽर्थःप्राप्तुंनशक्यते ।तस्यविक्रमकालांस्तान्युक्तानाहुर्मनीषिणः ।।।।

apy upāyais tribhis tāta yo 'rthaḥ prāptuṃ na śakyate |

tasya vikramakālāṃs tān yuktān āhur manīṣiṇaḥ ||

«Verehrter Vater, wenn ein Ziel nicht einmal durch die drei Mittel kluger Staatskunst zu erreichen ist, dann—so sagen die Weisen—ist die Zeit der gezügelten Tapferkeit gekommen: heldisches Handeln, mit gebührender Anstrengung vollzogen.»

अपिeven/also
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपेक्षार्थक-अव्यय (also/even)
उपायैःby means/strategies
उपायैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootउपाय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
त्रिभिःby three
त्रिभिः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक-विशेषणम् उपायैः इति
तातO dear/father
तात:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootतात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
यःwhich/that (which)
यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
अर्थःaim/object
अर्थः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
प्राप्तुम्to obtain
प्राप्तुम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/infinitival purpose)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप् (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (Infinitive), धातु: आप्, उपसर्ग: प्र-; अर्थे: 'to obtain'
not
:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation)
शक्यतेis possible
शक्यते:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootशक् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगः (passive sense): 'is possible'
तस्यof him/of that
तस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
विक्रमकालान्times for heroic action
विक्रमकालान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रम + काल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: विक्रमस्य कालाः (times for valor/enterprise)
तान्those
तान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
युक्तान्appropriate
युक्तान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त (प्रातिपदिक; √युज्-जन्य कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त विशेषणम् (proper/appropriate) विक्रमकालान् इति
आहुःhave said/call
आहुः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; धातु: अह् (to say)
मनीषिणःthe wise
मनीषिणः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

"Dear father, intelligent people say that an act which cannot be accomplished by the three means (Sama - Conciliation, Dana - Gift, Bheda - Sowing dissension), should only be accomplished diligently by one's heroic deed. Therefore, we should think of war only after the above three means are employed."

V
Vibhīṣaṇa
R
Rāvaṇa

FAQs

War/force is ethically last: dharma in governance requires exhausting peaceful and strategic means first; only when they fail does righteous valor become appropriate.

Vibhīṣaṇa advises Rāvaṇa on proper policy: attempt conciliation, gifts, and division before resorting to battle.

Practical wisdom (nīti) aligned with dharma—Vibhīṣaṇa advocates measured, rule-based decision-making rather than impulsive aggression.