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Shloka 1

निकुम्भवधः — The Slaying of Nikumbha

Hanuman’s Duel

निकुम्भोभ्रातरंदृष्टवासुग्रीवेणनिपातितम् ।प्रदहन्निवकोपेनवानरेन्द्रमवैक्षत ।।।।

nikumbho bhrātaraṃ dṛṣṭvā sugrīveṇa nipātitam |

pradahann iva kopena vānarendram avaikṣata ||

Als Nikumbha seinen Bruder sah, von Sugrīva zu Boden gestreckt, heftete er in loderndem Zorn den Blick auf den König der Vānaras, als wolle er ihn damit verbrennen.

nikumbhaḥNikumbha
nikumbhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnikumbha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
bhrātarambrother
bhrātaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Root√dṛś (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive): having seen
sugrīveṇaby Sugriva
sugrīveṇa:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
nipātitamstruck down
nipātitam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootni√pat (धातु) + ṇic (णिच्) + kta (कृत्)
Formणिजन्त-क्त कृदन्त (causative PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (bhrātaram)
pradahanburning
pradahan:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra√dah (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (nikumbhaḥ)
ivaas if
iva:
Upamāna-dyotaka (उपमान-द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक-अव्यय
kopenawith anger
kopena:
Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootkopa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन (Instrumental: with/through anger)
vānarendramking of monkeys
vānarendram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (वानराणाम् इन्द्रः)
avaikṣatalooked at
avaikṣata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootava√īkṣ (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Seeing his brother struck down by Sugriva, Nikumbha gazed at him as if to burn him in wrath.

N
Nikumbha
S
Sugrīva
K
Kumbha

FAQs

The verse cautions that grief can turn into consuming anger; dharma requires mastery over krodha (wrath), especially in the wake of loss.

Nikumbha witnesses his brother’s fall and turns with furious intent toward Sugrīva.

By contrast: Sugrīva’s victorious prowess is implied; Nikumbha’s dominant trait here is wrath, a destabilizing impulse.