Shloka 13

अतिकायवधश्रवणं रावणस्य लङ्कारक्षाविधानम्

Ravana’s Reaction to Atikaya’s Death and the Fortification Orders for Lanka

Devanagari script

सर्वतश्चापितिष्ठध्वंस्स्वै: परिवृताबलैः ।।।।द्रष्टव्यं च पदंतेषांवानराणांनिशाचराः ।

Transliteration

sarvataś cāpi tiṣṭhadhvaṃ svaiḥ parivṛtā balaiḥ | draṣṭavyaṃ ca padaṃ teṣāṃ vānarāṇāṃ niśācarāḥ ||

Translation

Ihr Nachtwandler, nehmt auf allen Seiten Stellung, jede Gruppe von ihren eigenen Kräften umgeben; und beobachtet die Bewegungen jener Vānaras.

Word by Word

• pradoṣe: at dusk
• pradoṣe: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pradoṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Disjunctive particle (विकल्प-अव्यय)

• ardharātre: at midnight
• ardharātre: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ardharātra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Disjunctive particle (विकल्प-अव्यय)

• pratyūṣe: at dawn
• pratyūṣe: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pratyūṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Disjunctive particle (विकल्प-अव्यय)

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (अपि-अव्यय)

• sarvataḥ: everywhere/at all times
• sarvataḥ: Deśa (देश)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देश/व्याप्ति-वाचक अव्यय)

• na: no/not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• avajñā: disrespect, underestimation
• avajñā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: avajñā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• teṣu: toward them
• teṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग/सामान्य), Locative (सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• kartavyā: to be done (shown)
• kartavyā: Kriyā-sādhya (क्रियासाध्य/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kartavya (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √kṛ कृ)
• Form: Gerundive (तव्यत्), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with avajñā; 'should be done' (here: should not be shown)

• vānareṣu: toward the Vanaras
• vānareṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); apposition to teṣu

• kadācana: ever (with na: never)
• kadācana: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kadācana (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb of time (कालवाचक-अव्यय), with negation = 'never'

• dviṣatām: of the enemies
• dviṣatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dviṣat (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √dviṣ द्विष्)
• Form: Present active participle used as noun 'enemies'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• balam: army, force
• balam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• udyuktam: ready, mobilized
• udyuktam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ud-yukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √yuj युज्)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with balam

• āpatat: advancing
• āpatat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ā-√pat पत् (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ) in neuter nom/acc sg (āpatat) used adjectivally; agrees with balam; 'advancing/attacking'

• katim: how much/how far
• katim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kati (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); interrogative/indefinite numeral; used adverbially 'how long/how far' (text uncertain)

• sthitam: standing, stationed
• sthitam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sthita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √sthā स्था)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with balam

• sadā: always
• sadā: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb of time (कालवाचक-अव्यय)

Context

"Surrounded by the army on all sides, whoever it may be, keep watching the movement of Vanaras."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Rākṣasas (niśācaras)
• Vānaras

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse stresses responsible vigilance and disciplined duty: those entrusted with protection must remain alert and organized rather than negligent.

What is the narrative situation?

In Laṅkā’s war-council context, Rāvaṇa issues orders to guard all approaches and closely monitor the Vānara forces.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Operational discipline and alertness (apramāda)—the insistence that guardians must not relax their watch.